JAMB UTME - History - 2019

The Lyttleton Constitution is often remarkable for all the following reasons except

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The establishment of a public service commission is the correct answer. This was a distinct achievement of the John Macpherson's 1951 Constitution.

Imperialist powers in Africa inbuilt antagonism by taking advantage of the cultural diversity of the people through the...

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Imperialist powers in Africa used the "Divide-and-Rule Policy" to maintain control and domination over the continent. This policy involved dividing different ethnic, religious, or cultural groups against each other, creating conflicts and preventing unity among the people. By doing so, the colonial powers could easily maintain control and exploit the resources of the African countries without facing much resistance from the local population. In simple terms, the "Divide-and-Rule Policy" was a strategy used by colonial powers to weaken the solidarity of the people and make it easier for them to govern.

The London Constitutional Conference of 1957 was targeted at

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The London Constitutional Conference of 1957 was aimed at preparing the groundwork for the self-governance and inclusive development of Nigeria. The conference was held in London, UK, between May and June 1957, and was attended by Nigerian political leaders and representatives from the British government. At the conference, the Nigerian leaders discussed various issues related to the country's political future, including the formation of a federal system of government, the powers of the central and regional governments, and the establishment of a constitution for an independent Nigeria. The conference was an important step towards Nigeria's eventual independence in 1960, as it helped to establish the framework for a democratic, federal system of government that would allow for greater participation and representation of Nigeria's diverse regions and ethnic groups.

The end of the Era of Princes in Ethiopia was a key factor in

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The end of the Zamana Masaf∂nt (Era of Princes) led to the centralisation of state power in the hands of the Emperors of Ethiopia. This consolidation of power helped in confronting the Italo-Egyptian invasion in the 19th Century.

The Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria was the resultant merger of the

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Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Northern Protectorate were the constituents of the area that later became Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria upon the amalgamation of Lord Lugard on January 1st 1914.

Baptists, Methodists and the ... were among the first to engage in the Liberiian Christian Mission

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Episcopal Church is the correct answer. The Baptists, Methodists and Episcopalians were among the first to engage in Liberian Mission as a result of the missionary fervour that gripped Western Europe and America in the 19th Century.

Under the chairmanship of ... the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was formed

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None of the listed individuals served as the chairman during the formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). ECOWAS was formed on May 28, 1975, in Lagos, Nigeria, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and integration among its member states in West Africa. However, the individual who played a pivotal role in its formation was General Yakubu Gowon, who was Nigeria's military head of state at the time.

The most immediate reason for the declaration, by Ojukwu, of Eastern Nigeria as an independent State of Biafra was that

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Ojukwu, being Governor of the Eastern Region, immediately declared it an independence State of Biafra seeing as Gowon created twelve states in May 1976 without consultation. This, Ojukwu considered as the last straw.

The Swazi composite is the modern ...

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The Swazi composite refers to the modern-day country of Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland). Eswatini is a small landlocked country located in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa and Mozambique. It gained independence from Britain in 1968, and has since been ruled by a monarchy, with the current king being King Mswati III. The term "Swazi composite" refers to the complex cultural and historical heritage of the Swazi people, who are the largest ethnic group in the country. This heritage includes traditions and customs such as the annual Incwala ceremony, which celebrates the first fruits of the harvest, as well as the strong influence of Christianity and Western culture.

Oba Ewuare of Benin Kingdom is credited with having

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Oba Ewuare of Benin Kingdom is credited with transforming Benin city into a city-state. Oba Ewuare was a powerful and visionary ruler who ruled the Kingdom of Benin in the 15th century. He is known for his reforms and innovations, which helped to transform the city of Benin into a thriving metropolis. Under his rule, the city was transformed into a city-state with a complex and sophisticated system of governance, a thriving economy, and a rich cultural heritage. Oba Ewuare also helped to strengthen the kingdom's political and military power, making it one of the most powerful and influential states in West Africa at the time. His legacy continues to influence the people of Benin and to shape the cultural identity of the region to this day.

The Vice President of Nigeria during the 2nd Republic was ... under the platform of the

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The Vice President of Nigeria during the 2nd Republic was Alex Ekwueme, under the platform of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN). The 2nd Republic was a short-lived civilian government in Nigeria from 1979 to 1983, and Alex Ekwueme served as Vice President under President Shehu Shagari, who was elected on the platform of the NPN. Ekwueme was a prominent architect, politician, and statesman who played a significant role in the political and economic development of Nigeria during the 2nd Republic.

All but one of the following played vital roles in the expansion of the missionary movements into Africa

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The prevalence of western education is the correct answer. The European interest in expanding missionary works into Africa are as a result of the need to introduce legitimate commerce i.e putting an end to slave trade, eliminating superstitious beliefs and practices through Christianity and civilization, etc. Western education only came as a consequence of the missionary activities.

The First and Second World Wars were between ... respectively

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The First and Second World Wars were between 1914-1918 and 1939-1945 respectively. The First World War, also known as World War I, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved the majority of the world's great powers, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the British Empire, and it resulted in the deaths of millions of people and the reshaping of the political and social landscape of Europe. The Second World War, also known as World War II, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, and it resulted in even greater loss of life and the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers. These two wars had a profound and lasting impact on the world and continue to shape the global political and economic landscape to this day.

... was the only significant imperial power in the Northern half of Africa at the end of the 18th century

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Ottoman Turkey was the only significant imperial power in the Northern half of Africa at the end of the 18th century. The Ottoman Empire was a major political and military power in the world during this time, and its reach extended into North Africa. The Ottomans controlled a large portion of the region, including modern-day Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. This control allowed them to exert significant influence over the region and its peoples, and to shape its political and cultural landscape. At the end of the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was the only significant imperial power in the Northern half of Africa, as the Portuguese Empire was primarily focused on West Africa and the Italo-Egyptian Empire did not yet exist.

The central agenda of the Muhammad Ali's hegemonic rule was the

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The central agenda of Muhammad Ali's hegemonic rule was the exploitation of natural resources for development finance in Egypt. Muhammad Ali was an Ottoman-Egyptian ruler who rose to power in the early 19th century and established a dynasty that lasted until the mid-20th century. He was known for his ambitious modernization program, which aimed to transform Egypt into a modern, industrialized nation. To finance this program, Muhammad Ali exploited Egypt's natural resources, including agricultural land, minerals, and labor, to generate revenue. He also established a centralized bureaucracy and military to maintain control over the country and to further his agenda of modernization. In this way, Muhammad Ali's rule marked a significant turning point in Egyptian history and set the stage for the country's continued development and modernization in the years to come.

The connections between Kano and the province of Nupe was notable in the reign of Kano's

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Sarkin Dauda is the correct answer. In the reign of Kano's Sarkin Dauda (c. 1421-38), the connection between Kano and Nupe was visible and the major power between them was Zaria, which conquered a large expanse of land.

Traditionally, the Efik people have accounts of their migration from the territory

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Ibibio and Igbo is the correct answer. Although the actual origins of the Efik people are unknown. However, historical oral traditions provide accounts of their migration from Igbo and Ibibio territory (to the North-west of Calabar) to their present location.

The Nigerian Civil war ...

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The Nigerian Civil War which lasted from 6th July, 1967 - 12th January, 1970 was fought as a result of the Gowon-Government's efforts to counter the struggle by the Igbos from breaking away from Nigeria. A reason for reintegration and reunification of Nigeria.

... has primarily led to the growth of Islamic reform movements in many sub-Saharan African countries

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The crisis of modernization of the 20th Century has primarily led to the growth of Islamic reform movements in many sub-Saharan African countries. As Africa began to modernize in the 20th century, many people began to feel that traditional forms of Islam were inadequate for addressing the challenges of modern life. Islamic reform movements emerged as a response to this crisis, seeking to modernize and adapt Islamic teachings to the needs of the modern world. These movements emphasized education, social justice, and the importance of Islamic values in everyday life. The crisis of modernization included the introduction of new technologies, colonialism, urbanization, and globalization, which all contributed to the need for a new approach to Islamic thought and practice.

The Royal Niger Company was influential in the formation of Colonial Nigeria because it

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The Royal Niger Company enabled the British Empire to establish control over the lower Niger against the German competition led by Bismarck in the 1890s.Its company-controlled territories were made Protectorates and later amalgamated as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria.

One critical factor that led to the Mfecane was the

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The Mfecane was a period of widespread chaos and warfare that occurred in Southern Africa during the early 19th century. One critical factor that led to the Mfecane was war-created refugee problems. As various Nguni groups migrated and settled in new territories, they often came into conflict with the existing populations. These conflicts frequently escalated into full-scale wars that resulted in large numbers of refugees fleeing the fighting. These refugees often joined other groups, causing displacement and upheaval throughout the region. The violence and instability of the Mfecane had significant and lasting impacts on the social, economic, and political structures of Southern Africa.

Early centres of civilization in Nigeria reveal the history of

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Scientific and technological developments is the correct answer. The history of the early centres of civilization presents us with the discovery and use of woods, irons and other scientific objects for the creation of notable figures, and provision of utilities in the early Nigerian societies. Notable are the Nok Culture, Ife Civilization and the Benin Crafts and Artworks.

Historically, the Yorubas came into prominence as a result of

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The Yorubas who originated from Ile-Ife, arose and became quite popular and remarkable by their trading with the Portugese, which gave them a large supply of guns.

One important characteristic of both recent and earlier Islamic reform movements is the emphasis on the

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The use of African languages as a medium of communication is the correct answer. Islamic reformers, both past and present, actively support the translation of the holy texts into Swahili, Hausa, Fulfude, Wolof, Bambara and Yoruba.

The first African female President of the United Nations General Assembly is

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The first African female President of the United Nations General Assembly is Angie Brooks. Angie Brooks was a Liberian diplomat and lawyer who served as the President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1969 to 1970. She was the first woman and the first African to hold this position. Brooks was a prominent advocate for women's rights and worked to promote peace and development in Africa. Her historic achievement paved the way for more women to take on leadership roles in international organizations.

The head of the administration of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria was titled

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High Commissioner is the correct answer. Lord Lugard was appointed as the High Commissioner of the Northern Protectorate in 1900.

The Centenary Anniversary of Nigeria was done to commemorate Nigeria's

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The Centenary Anniversary of Nigeria was a celebration to commemorate a hundred years since the Amalgamation of Nigeria on January 1st, 1914. The Amalgamation was a historic event that brought together the northern and southern protectorates of Nigeria to form a single entity, which was the foundation of the modern state of Nigeria. The celebration was a way to reflect on Nigeria's history, achievements, challenges, and aspirations as a nation. Although the Centenary Anniversary celebrated the Amalgamation, it also recognized other significant events in Nigeria's history, such as the country's independence on October 1st, 1960, and the transition to a democratic government on May 29th, 1999. In summary, the Centenary Anniversary of Nigeria was a celebration of a hundred years since the Amalgamation of Nigeria on January 1st, 1914, which was a significant event that brought together the northern and southern protectorates to form a single entity. While the celebration also recognized other significant events in Nigeria's history, such as the country's independence and transition to democracy, the main focus was to reflect on Nigeria's past, present, and future as a nation.

The National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) was formed

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The correct answer is May 15, 1994, the NADECO was established to press for the revalidation of the June 12, 1993 Presidential election and the reinstallation of all democratic structures.

The main motive behind imperialism has been aforetime categorised as primarily

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The main motive behind imperialism has been primarily "to obtain and control a supply of raw materials for industries." During the era of European imperialism in the 19th and 20th centuries, European powers sought to expand their empires and control territories around the world. One of the primary motivations for this was to secure a supply of raw materials for their growing industries back home. These raw materials included minerals, metals, and agricultural products such as rubber, palm oil, and cotton. The European powers also sought to establish trade networks and markets in the territories they colonized, which would enable them to sell their manufactured goods and generate profits. In addition, imperialism was driven by a desire to acquire strategic locations for military bases and geopolitical influence. While there were other factors that contributed to imperialism, such as cultural and ideological beliefs, economic motives were the main driving force behind the expansion of Western empires.

The Colony and Protectorate of Lagos and the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria were merged in ... to form

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The Colony and Protectorate of Lagos and the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria were merged in 1906 to form the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. In the late 19th century, the British established a number of colonies and protectorates in what is now Nigeria, with the aim of controlling trade and exploiting natural resources. The Colony and Protectorate of Lagos, which had been established in 1861, was one of these territories, while the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria was formed in 1900. In 1906, the British government decided to merge these two territories to form the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. The merger was part of a broader effort to streamline British administration in Nigeria and create a more efficient colonial system. The new colony and protectorate was a vast territory that included a diverse array of ethnic and linguistic groups. It was governed by a governor, who was appointed by the British government, and had a legislative council that included both appointed and elected members. The Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria continued to exist until 1914, when it was merged with the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, which was administered as a single entity until Nigeria gained independence in 1960.

The major administrative change made immediately after the 1914 Amalgamation was the?

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The major administrative change made immediately after the 1914 Amalgamation was the division of Nigeria into provinces. After the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates to form the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914, the British colonial government introduced a new administrative structure for the country. This involved dividing Nigeria into four provinces: the Northern Province, the Eastern Province, the Western Province, and the Lagos Colony. Each province was headed by a high commissioner who was responsible for overseeing the affairs of the province. The provinces were further divided into districts, each headed by a district officer, who was responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and reporting to the high commissioner. The division of Nigeria into provinces was a significant change from the previous administrative structure, which had been organized along the lines of the Northern and Southern protectorates. The introduction of the province system was designed to make it easier for the colonial government to control and administer the newly amalgamated territory. Overall, the division of Nigeria into provinces was a major administrative change that marked the beginning of a new era in the governance of the country under British colonial rule.

The .... was the programme initiated to institutionalise the local government system in Nigeria

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The Local Government Reform of 1976 was the programme initiated to institutionalize the local government system in Nigeria. The Local Government Reform of 1976 was introduced by the military government of General Murtala Mohammed with the aim of decentralizing power and promoting grassroots development. The reform created a system of local governments across Nigeria, which were responsible for delivering basic services to their communities, such as water, sanitation, and primary healthcare. Under the reform, each state was divided into local government areas (LGAs), and each LGA was to have a democratically elected council responsible for governing the affairs of the local community. The councils were expected to generate revenue, manage local resources, and prioritize the needs of the community. The Local Government Reform of 1976 was a significant milestone in Nigeria's political history, as it marked a departure from the centralized governance that had characterized the country's post-independence period. The reform helped to bring governance closer to the people and empowered local communities to participate in decision-making and development. It's worth noting that while there was a Local Government Reform of 1979, it was a follow-up to the 1976 reform and did not introduce any significant changes to the local government system.

One of the following persons was not arrested over the May Day riots

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Arisekola Alao is the correct answer. On May 13, 1998 under the Abacha's regime, Comrade Ola Oni, a legendary radical lecturer and activist, Chief Bola Ige, Lam Adesina were notable persons arrested over the May Day riots in Ibadan. They were arraigned before the Chief Magistrate's Court, Iyaganku, Ibadan.

The particular incident that led to Macaulay's imprisonment, twice, by the colonial power was

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In retaliation to the successful defence of Eshugbayi Eleko as the rightful king of Lagos and the humiliation this brought to the British officials, Macaulay was jailed twice by the colonial power thereafter.

The colonial investments in extractive industries invariably led to the

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The colonialists invested in raw materials and industries for their extraction employed both skilled and unskilled labour. All of these activities led to the urbanization of the vicinities around these industries.

The inception of state creation in the Nigerian military era is traceable to the regime of

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The inception of state creation in Nigeria is traceable to the regime of General Yakubu Gowon, who was the head of state of Nigeria from 1966 to 1975. During his regime, the country witnessed a major reorganization of its administrative structure with the creation of 12 new states in 1967, in addition to the four existing ones at that time. The creation of these states was part of a strategy to promote national unity and reduce the concentration of power in the hands of a few. It was also aimed at addressing the concerns of ethnic and regional imbalances that had characterized Nigerian politics and governance in the past. Thus, it was under the regime of General Yakubu Gowon that state creation was first introduced in Nigeria, and it has since then become a significant aspect of the country's political development.

Which one of the following is incorrect?

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The Alkali Courts were headed by the Alkali judges in the Hausa/Fulani Empire not the Hakimis, who were actually the head of districts.

Unarguably, the abolition of the slave trade in Britain directly stimulated the

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Penetration of European merchants capital into Nigeria is the correct answer. As slave trade was abolished, legitimate trade started and this encouraged the European merchants agenda for imperialism (i.e to establish industries, extract and trade natural resources) to smoothly penetrate Nigeria.

Igbo's active resistance to the British Colonial rule is particularly because of the

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The Igbos challenged the British imperial rule as the system of governance did not sit well with the egalitarian nature of their society where no one is designated out-rightly as a political leader.

Increase in the number of people living below the poverty line in Africa is particularly because

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It is largely and logically smart to trace Africa's poverty increase to the widespread unemployment rate of the youth - the largest proportion of the African population. N.B: as much as almost all of the options are right, the emphasis in the question is on 'particularly'.