(a) What is cultism? (b) Highlight six reasons for the formation of cult groups.

(a) Meaning of cultism

Cultism is the act of belonging to a secret group or society whose membership, activities, oaths and rituals are hidden from the public and are often violent, anti-social and destructive. Members are bound by secret oaths of loyalty and their operations breach the laws and moral order of the wider society.

(b) Six reasons for the formation of cult groups

1. Desire for protection and security: Some people form or join cults believing membership will shield them from attack by rival groups or intimidating individuals.
2. Quest for power and influence: Cults are formed to gain dominance, control others and command fear and respect on campus or in the community.
3. Peer group influence: Friends and associates persuade one another to form groups so as to belong and not feel left out.
4. Search for identity and recognition: Individuals form cults to gain a sense of belonging, importance and social status.
5. Family and parental background: Broken homes, poor upbringing and lack of parental care push some youths to form or join such groups for attention and support.
6. Desire for material gain and criminal advantage: Some cults are formed to make illicit money, secure examination or political favours, and engage in intimidation, extortion and other crimes.