(a) in what five ways can citizens demonstrate political apathy (b) Give five reasons for political apathy.

(a) Five ways citizens can demonstrate political apathy

1. Refusal to vote - staying away from the polling booth on election day.
2. Refusal to register or collect voter cards - not enrolling in the voters' register.
3. Refusal to contest for or accept political office - avoiding elective and appointive positions.
4. Failure to attend political rallies, meetings and campaigns - showing no interest in party or community political activities.
5. Refusal to join a political party or discuss political issues - staying indifferent to public affairs and government decisions.

(b) Five reasons for political apathy

1. Bad governance and unfulfilled promises - broken campaign promises make citizens lose interest.
2. Electoral fraud and rigging - people feel their votes will not count.
3. Illiteracy and ignorance - lack of political awareness of rights and duties.
4. Fear of political violence and intimidation - thuggery and killings scare people away.
5. Corruption and lack of trust in politicians - disappointment with dishonest leaders discourages participation. (Also poverty and lack of incentives.)