(a) State two immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. [2] (b) Explain why heart rate increases during physical activity. [2]
Question 1 Report
(a) State two immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. [2]
(b) Explain why heart rate increases during physical activity. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Two immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system:
- Heart rate increases to pump blood more rapidly around the body. [1]
- Blood is redistributed to the working muscles, with more blood directed away from non-essential organs (such as the digestive system) and towards the muscles that are active. [1]
Other acceptable answers include: blood pressure rises; cardiac output increases.
(b) Heart rate increases during physical activity because the working muscles need more oxygen and energy to sustain contraction. [1] The heart responds by beating faster to pump more oxygenated blood to the muscles and to remove waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid more quickly, preventing a build-up that would impair performance. [1]
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