A performer completes a netball chest pass. (a) Name the type of movement at the elbow joint as the ball is released. [1] (b) Identify the movement at the s...

Movements during a netball chest pass

(a) As the ball is released during a chest pass, the elbow joint straightens. This movement is extension. The angle between the upper arm and forearm increases as the arms push forward. [1]

(b) At the shoulder joint during a chest pass, the arms move forward from a position close to the chest. This is flexion (or horizontal flexion/horizontal adduction) at the shoulder. The shoulder joint moves the upper arm from a retracted position to a forward-reaching position. [1]

(c) How elbow and shoulder movements combine

The chest pass requires coordinated action at both joints working simultaneously to generate force and direct the ball accurately:

• The shoulder flexes to push the upper arms forward, moving the ball away from the chest toward the target. [1]
• At the same time, the elbow extends, straightening the forearm and adding force and reach to the pass. [1]
• Together, these movements create a pushing action that accelerates the ball. The shoulder provides the direction while the elbow extension adds the final snap of speed, producing a controlled release toward the receiving player. [1]