(a) Name one type of PED that increases the number of red blood cells in the body. [1] (b) Explain how this type of PED could benefit an endurance athlete. ...
Question 1 Report
(a) Name one type of PED that increases the number of red blood cells in the body. [1]
(b) Explain how this type of PED could benefit an endurance athlete. [2]
(c) State two health risks associated with the use of this PED. [2]
Answer Details
(a) One type of PED that increases the number of red blood cells is EPO (erythropoietin). EPO is a hormone naturally produced by the kidneys, but a synthetic version can be injected to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. [1]
(b) More red blood cells means the blood can carry more oxygen to the working muscles. [1] For an endurance athlete such as a marathon runner or cyclist, this increased oxygen-carrying capacity delays the onset of fatigue and allows them to maintain a high intensity for a longer period, directly improving aerobic performance. [1]
(c) Two health risks associated with EPO use:
- Increased blood viscosity (the blood becomes thicker), which forces the heart to work harder to pump it around the body and raises the risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. [1]
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. If a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, it can cause a life-threatening pulmonary embolism. [1]
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