Describe three different components of health-related fitness. For each component, name a sport where it is particularly important and explain why. [6]

Three health-related fitness components with sporting applications

1. Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single contraction. This is particularly important in weightlifting, where the performer must generate maximum force to lift the heaviest possible load above the head. Without high muscular strength the lifter cannot complete the clean and jerk or snatch at competitive weights. [1+1]
2. Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. This is particularly important in diving, where the performer must achieve extreme body positions such as tucks and pikes during the dive. Greater flexibility allows cleaner shapes in the air and higher scores from judges. [1+1]
3. Body composition is the ratio of fat mass to lean (muscle, bone, organ) tissue in the body. This is particularly important in judo, where performers compete in weight categories and need a high proportion of muscle relative to fat. A favourable body composition means more functional strength within the weight class. [1+1]