(a) Name one function of the skeleton other than protection. [1] (b) Describe how the skeleton allows movement to take place at a joint. [3] (c) A gymnast n...

(a) One function of the skeleton other than protection is support. The skeleton provides a rigid framework that holds the body upright and maintains its shape. Other acceptable answers include movement, blood cell production, mineral storage, or giving the body its shape. [1]

(b) The skeleton enables movement at a joint because bones act as levers. [1] Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. [1] When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone it is attached to, causing the bone to move around the joint, producing the desired action such as bending the arm or kicking a ball. [1]

(c) Regular weight-bearing exercise, such as running or jumping, places mechanical stress on the bones. [1] In response to this stress, the body stimulates bone-building cells (osteoblasts), causing the bones to become denser and stronger over time. [1] For a gymnast, stronger bones are less likely to fracture under the high physical demands of landing, tumbling and vaulting. [1]

(d) Two ways the skeleton provides protection in a contact sport such as rugby:

• The skull protects the brain during tackles and collisions. [1]
• The ribcage protects the heart and lungs from the impact of being tackled or falling. [1]