(a) Define the term 'inclusion' in the context of physical activity. [2] (b) Identify two cultural factors that may affect a performer's access to sport. [2...

(a) Inclusion in the context of physical activity means ensuring that people of all abilities, backgrounds and characteristics are able to take part [1] without facing discrimination or unfair barriers to access [1].

(b) Two cultural factors that may affect a performer's access to sport:

1. Religious dress codes - some religions require modest clothing, which may conflict with standard sports kit or make participation uncomfortable. [1]
2. Cultural attitudes towards mixed-gender sport - in some cultures, males and females exercising together is discouraged, limiting opportunities where only mixed sessions are available. [1]

(c) A school could adapt its physical education programme by:

• Offering single-sex sessions for students whose cultural or religious background makes mixed-gender sport inappropriate. [1]
• Providing culturally appropriate kit and private changing facilities so that students feel comfortable participating. [1]
• Consulting with community leaders or parents from different backgrounds to understand which activities are welcomed and which present difficulties. [1]
• Training staff in cultural awareness so that teachers can be sensitive to different needs and avoid inadvertently excluding students. [1]

(d) Three strategies for a community leisure centre to attract more elderly people:

1. Offer daytime classes - elderly people are often free during the day when working-age adults are at work, so scheduling classes in the morning or early afternoon makes attendance more convenient. [1+1]
2. Provide low-impact activities such as gentle yoga, aqua aerobics or walking groups - these are easier on joints and muscles, reducing the risk of injury for older participants. [1+1]
3. Offer discounted or free memberships for pensioners - many elderly people live on fixed incomes, so reducing the cost barrier makes participation financially possible. [1+1]

(e) Government initiatives can improve access to sport in deprived areas in several ways:

• Funding the construction of public sports facilities such as multi-use games areas or outdoor gyms in parks, providing free-to-use equipment in areas where commercial gyms are unaffordable. [1+1]
• Subsidising club memberships for low-income families, for example through free swimming schemes run by local councils. [1+1]
• Investing in school sport programmes with qualified coaches, ensuring children in deprived areas have access to structured physical activity regardless of family income. [1]
• Providing grants to community sports organisations that deliver coaching and competitions in underserved neighbourhoods. [1]