(a) State four differences between local craft and heavy manufacturing industries (b) Outlines three factors that have influenced the location of an iron an...
Question 1 Report
(a) State four differences between local craft and heavy manufacturing industries
(b) Outlines three factors that have influenced the location of an iron and steel industry in Tropical Africa
(c) In what three ways has industrialization contributed to the economy of Tropical African countries?
Answer Details
(a) Four differences between local craft and heavy manufacturing industries
| Local craft industry | Heavy manufacturing industry |
|---|---|
| Uses simple, locally made tools and manual skill | Uses heavy, expensive machinery and modern technology |
| Requires little capital to set up | Requires very large capital investment |
| Employs few workers, often family labour | Employs many skilled and semi-skilled workers |
| Small output for the local market, using local raw materials | Large-scale output for national and export markets, using bulky raw materials |
Other valid contrasts: craft industries need low or no power supply while heavy industries need large power supply; craft goods are hand-made while heavy-industry goods are mass produced.
(b) Three factors that have influenced the location of an iron and steel industry in Tropical Africa (for example Ajaokuta in Nigeria)
- Availability of iron ore and other raw materials such as limestone and coal or nearby sources, reducing the cost of assembling bulky inputs.
- Supply of power/energy from hydroelectricity, coal or natural gas needed to smelt the ore.
- Good transport links (rail, road and water) to bring in raw materials and move out the heavy finished products.
Also acceptable: availability of water for cooling, capital and government policy, and a market for the steel.
(c) Three ways industrialization has contributed to the economy of Tropical African countries
- Employment creation: factories provide jobs, raising incomes and reducing unemployment.
- Earning of foreign exchange through the export of manufactured goods and saving of foreign exchange through import substitution.
- Development of infrastructure and growth of towns as roads, power and water supplies expand around industrial centres, and the government earns more revenue from taxes.
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