(a) Give two examples each of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (b) Outline four major differences between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Question 1 Report
(a) Give two examples each of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
(b) Outline four major differences between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Answer Details
(a) Examples of rocks
- Sedimentary rocks: limestone, sandstone, shale, coal (any two).
- Metamorphic rocks: marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite, schist (any two).
(b) Four differences between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
| Sedimentary rocks | Metamorphic rocks |
|---|---|
| Formed by the deposition and compaction/cementation of sediments. | Formed by the alteration of existing rocks by heat and pressure. |
| Usually arranged in layers (strata / bedding planes). | Often show foliation (banding) or are recrystallised, without simple bedding. |
| Generally soft and less compact, and may be porous. | Generally hard, compact and dense. |
| Often contain fossils of plants and animals. | Fossils are usually destroyed by the heat and pressure. |
Additional difference: sedimentary rocks form at or near the surface at low temperature, while metamorphic rocks form deep within the crust under intense heat and pressure.
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