(a) (i) State three ways of classifying computers. (ii) Differentiate between digital and analog computers. (b) List three positive impacts of ICT on the so...

This question tests ways of classifying computers, the digital/analog distinction, ICT impact and transmission media.

(a)(i) Three ways of classifying computers.

• By size (supercomputer, mainframe, mini, micro).
• By type/data handled (digital, analog, hybrid).
• By purpose (general-purpose and special-purpose).

(a)(ii) Digital versus analog computers. A digital computer works with discrete data represented as digits (binary 0s and 1s) and gives exact, countable results (for example a desktop PC). An analog computer works with continuous physical quantities that vary smoothly, such as voltage, temperature or pressure, and measures rather than counts (for example a mercury thermometer or a speedometer). In short, digital counts discrete values while analog measures continuous values.

(b) Three positive impacts of ICT on society.

• Faster and easier communication (email, video calls, social media).
• Improved access to education and information through the Internet.
• Efficiency in business, banking and government services (e-commerce, e-banking).

(c) Two types of information transmission medium. Guided (wired) media such as twisted-pair, coaxial or fibre-optic cable, and unguided (wireless) media such as radio waves, microwaves or infrared.

Examination reminder: the digital/analog difference is discrete vs continuous data; and transmission media split neatly into guided (cable) and unguided (wireless).