(a) Define the following terms; (i) Disk formatting (ii) Data backup (iii) Virus scan (b) State four uses of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

This question tests disk and data-management terms and the uses of the ATM.

(a) Definitions.

• (i) Disk formatting: the process of preparing a storage disk for use by organising it into tracks and sectors and setting up a file system, which erases any existing data on it.
• (ii) Data backup: making and keeping an extra copy of data on another storage medium so that it can be recovered if the original is lost, corrupted or damaged.
• (iii) Virus scan: the process by which antivirus software examines files, storage devices or memory to detect, and then remove or quarantine, computer viruses and other malware.

(b) Four uses of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM).

• Withdrawing cash from an account.
• Checking the account balance.
• Transferring money between accounts.
• Paying bills and buying airtime (also requesting a mini statement or changing the PIN).

Examination reminder: keep the definitions distinct - formatting prepares/erases a disk, backup duplicates data for safety, and a virus scan detects and removes malware.