Water is scarce in the city of Lima, where many people live on dry coastal slopes. Fig. 1 shows a community project that traps mist from low clouds in large...

Water is scarce in the city of Lima, where many people live on dry coastal slopes. Fig. 1 shows a community project that traps mist from low clouds in large mesh panels. Droplets run down the mesh into a gutter and then a storage tank. The collected water is used to irrigate a community garden and wash tools, while drinking water continues to arrive by tanker. The project has been proposed as a small-scale response to unequal access to water in an urban area. It cannot provide enough water for every household during all seasons.

(a) Identify the feature in Fig. 1 that collects droplets from the air. [1]
(b) Describe one use of the stored water shown in the figure. [1]
(c) Explain three limitations of relying on fog collection for the whole city. [3]

Fig. 1 shows an annotated satellite-style sketch used by a city planning team in Jakarta. It compares a former wetland in 2000 with the same area after housing, warehouses and paved roads were built by 2020. During intense rain, water now flows quickly into a canal. The canal passes through densely populated urban districts before reaching the sea. The team is considering green roofs, restored ponds and limits on building in flood-prone areas. Developers argue that the land is needed for homes and international trade warehouses.

(a) Identify the land-use change shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Describe one reason why paved surfaces can increase flood risk. [1]
(c) Explain how restoring a pond could reduce flood risk in nearby cities. [3]