The diagram shows a community-managed forest reserve in Borneo. The reserve includes an area of primary forest, a zone where rattan may be harvested, a vill...
Question 1 Report
The diagram shows a community-managed forest reserve in Borneo. The reserve includes an area of primary forest, a zone where rattan may be harvested, a village, and a road leading to an oil-palm processing mill outside the boundary. An international company has offered to buy more land for palm oil production. The village council is comparing this offer with income from guided wildlife visits and the sale of certified forest products. Fig. 1 is used in a meeting about balancing conservation, employment and development.
(a) Identify the land use outside the reserve that is linked to palm oil. [1]
(b) Describe one role of primary forest in the global carbon cycle. [1]
(c) Explain two reasons why a zoned reserve may be more sustainable than clearing all the forest. [2]
(d) Explain one possible conflict between wildlife tourism and village residents. [2]
Answer Details
(a) The land use linked to palm oil outside the reserve is an oil-palm processing mill. An oil-palm plantation would also be acceptable. [1]
(b) Primary-forest trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and store the carbon in their biomass. This makes the forest a carbon store. [1]
(c) A zoned reserve is more sustainable because the core area protects habitat and therefore reduces biodiversity loss. At the same time, controlled harvesting of rattan can provide income without clearing the whole forest, allowing resources to regenerate. [2]
(d) Wildlife tourism can bring visitors into places where residents live and work, so tourists may disturb residents or wildlife. It can also create conflict if tourism income is shared unevenly, or if residents lose access to land because it is reserved for visitors or conservation. [2]
Exam focus: Sustainable management combines conservation with carefully controlled economic use, rather than treating development and protection as completely separate choices.
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