Read the study figure. It shows a small island community in the Pacific after a king-tide flood in 2020. Sea water has crossed the low coastal road, damaged...
Question 1 Report
Read the study figure. It shows a small island community in the Pacific after a king-tide flood in 2020. Sea water has crossed the low coastal road, damaged vegetable plots and entered a freshwater well. The community plans to plant mangroves, raise selected homes and collect rainwater from roofs. Some residents also want to move permanently to a larger island, where there are more jobs but land is expensive. The choices illustrate that climate-change adaptation can involve social, economic and environmental decisions.
(a) Identify the source of water shown as contaminated in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Describe one impact of salt water on local food production. [1]
(c) Explain two reasons why mangroves may reduce flood risk for this community. [2]
A renewable energy co-operative has surveyed a windy upland area near a rural village in Morocco. Fig. 1 is the planning sketch used at a public meeting. It shows six proposed wind turbines, grazing land, a transmission line and a road to the nearest town. Electricity demand in the town is rising as its population grows. Farmers support rental payments for turbine sites, while some households are worried about noise, views and possible effects on birds. The co-operative says the scheme would reduce use of imported fossil fuels.
(a) Identify the renewable energy source shown in Fig. 1. [1]
(b) Describe one economic benefit that the scheme could bring to local people. [1]
(c) Explain two reasons why wind power may not provide a continuous electricity supply. [2]
Answer Details
Pacific island adaptation study
(a) The contaminated water source is the freshwater well. [1]
(b) Salt water can kill crops, reduce plant growth or make soil too salty for cultivation. [1]
(c) Mangrove roots slow waves and storm-surge water before it reaches homes and roads. Their roots also trap sediment and stabilise the coast, reducing erosion. [2]
Morocco wind-energy study
(a) The renewable source is wind power. [1]
(b) Local people could receive land-rent payments for turbine sites. Construction or maintenance jobs, and potentially more secure electricity, are also valid economic benefits. [1]
(c) Wind speed varies over time. Turbines generate little or no electricity when winds are too weak, and they may stop in winds that are too strong, so output is not continuous. [2]
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