(a) Describe four factors that favour the location of brewery industry. (b) Outline three contributions of manufacturing industries to the economic developm...

(a) Four factors that favour the location of a brewery industry:

• Abundant supply of clean water: brewing uses large volumes of water, so breweries are sited where good quality water is plentiful.
• Nearness to raw materials: ready supply of barley/sorghum, hops, sugar and yeast reduces transport costs.
• Large market/high population: breweries locate near towns and cities where there is a big demand for the drink, since the product is bulky and perishable.
• Availability of power, labour and good transport: a steady energy supply, skilled and unskilled workers, and good roads/rail to distribute the finished product all attract the industry. (Capital and availability of bottles/containers are also acceptable.)

(b) Three contributions of manufacturing industries to economic development of Tropical Africa:

• Employment: they create many jobs, raising incomes and living standards.
• Revenue and foreign exchange: they earn money for government through taxes and provide manufactured goods for export, saving/earning foreign exchange.
• Development and diversification: they add value to local raw materials, encourage the growth of other industries and infrastructure, and reduce dependence on imports.

(c) Three problems facing manufacturing industries in Tropical Africa:

• Shortage of capital and inadequate funding for machinery and expansion.
• Inadequate power supply and poor infrastructure (erratic electricity, poor roads), which raise costs and disrupt production.
• Shortage of skilled labour and low-level technology, together with a small local market and competition from imported goods.