Study the map extract on a scale of 1:50,000 and answer the following questions: (a) On the map, mark and name one example of each of the following features...

(a) Marking and naming the features on the map

• Spur (SP): a tongue of high land projecting from a hillside, shown by contours forming a V or U that points DOWN the slope, towards lower values. Mark its nose with the letters SP.
• Gentle slope (GS): an area where the contour lines are widely spaced, showing a small rise over a large horizontal distance. Mark it GS.
• Watershed (WS): the crest of high land separating two drainage basins, so that streams flow away from it in opposite directions. Mark it WS.
• V-shaped valley (VS): a young river valley where the contours form a V pointing UP the slope, with the river at the base of the V. Mark it VS.

(b)(i) Length of River Dakorobi from its source to its confluence with River Sencha

Lay a thread (or the edge of a piece of paper) along the winding river, straighten it against the scale and read the map length.

Length on map = 10.8 cm; Scale = 1:50,000, so 1 cm represents 50,000 cm = 0.5 km.

(b)(ii) Relief of the mapped area

• The area is generally a highland, with heights ranging from about 950 ft to over 3000 ft.
• It is lowest in the north-east and highest in the north-west.
• The north-west is rugged, with steep slopes, V-shaped valleys and cliffs.
• Pockets of isolated hills run from the north-west to the south-east.
• The south-west and north-east have gentle, rolling slopes.

(c) Influence of relief on settlement

• The high relief gives the area a generally dispersed settlement pattern.
• Most settlements are found on the gentle slopes to the south of the map, where building and farming are easier.
• The rugged, mountainous north-west attracts few settlements; the only ones there are Mayo, Dongi and Kenchungu.
• Settlements avoid the steep slopes, while passes attract settlement, for example Karlahi.