(a) Explain three conditions that favour fruit farming in the Mediterranean Regions of Africa. (b) Outline four problems facing fruit farming in the Mediter...

(a) Three conditions that favour fruit farming in the Mediterranean Regions of Africa:

• Suitable Mediterranean climate: hot, dry, sunny summers ripen the fruit while the mild, wet winters supply moisture, ideal for citrus, grapes, olives and figs.
• Fertile, well-drained soils: the rich soils of the coastal lowlands and river valleys support healthy fruit trees.
• Availability of irrigation water and gentle relief: rivers and irrigation supply water in the dry summer, and the level to gently sloping land is easy to cultivate. (Long hours of sunshine and skilled labour are also acceptable.)

(b) Four problems facing fruit farming in the Mediterranean Regions of Africa:

• Summer drought and shortage of water, making irrigation necessary and costly.
• Pests and diseases that attack the trees and fruit, reducing yield and quality.
• Occasional hazards such as hot, dry winds (sirocco), frost or hail that damage crops.
• Marketing problems: the fruit is perishable, and there is competition, price fluctuation and the cost of storage and transport to distant markets.

(c) Three ways fruit farming is of economic importance to the Mediterranean Regions:

• Foreign exchange earned from exporting citrus, grapes, olives and wine.
• Employment and income for farmers, pickers, processors and traders.
• Raw materials for industry (wine-making, canning, olive oil and juice), which promotes agro-industrial and general economic development.