JAMB UTME - Geography - 2002

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A levee is a man-made embankment designed to prevent flooding. A knickpoint is a steep slope or waterfall that interrupts a river's longitudinal profile. A meander is a winding curve or bend in a river's course, caused by erosion and sediment deposition. A braid is a complex network of river channels separated by small, often temporary, islands or sandbars. Given the context of the question, the most likely answer is a meander, as downstream of a bridge is often where meanders can be found in a river's course. Meanders are common in rivers with low gradients and high sediment loads, where the river erodes the outer bank of a bend and deposits sediment on the inner bank, causing the channel to migrate over time.

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The correct answer is option 1.

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The correct answer is option 2.

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The correct answer is option 1.

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The feature mentioned in the question is most likely associated with river erosion. Rivers are powerful agents of erosion that shape the land by carrying sediment, cutting through rocks, and carving out valleys. River erosion can create distinctive landforms such as waterfalls, canyons, and meandering channels. Therefore, the feature being referred to is likely a landform created by the erosive action of a river. Wind deflation, wave erosion, and wind deposition are not directly related to river erosion and do not typically produce similar landforms.

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To find the proportion of workers in the iron and steel industry, we need to first determine the actual number of workers in that industry. We can do this by multiplying the total number of workers in the town (25,000) by the percentage of workers in the iron and steel industry (115.2/360 x 100 = 32%). Number of workers in iron and steel industry = 25,000 x 32% = 8,000 The proportion of workers in the iron and steel industry in relation to the total number of workers in the town is therefore: Proportion = Number of workers in iron and steel industry / Total number of workers in town Proportion = 8,000 / 25,000 Proportion = 0.32 Therefore, the answer is 0.32.

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The question refers to a map or diagram where a shaded area is highlighted. The answer to the question is likely to be found within the diagram or map. Without seeing the specific diagram or map, it's not possible to provide an accurate answer. However, based on the options given, the total annual rainfall received within the shaded area could be between 101 cm to 400 cm. It's important to note that the actual range of rainfall may vary depending on the specific location and year, and the answer may differ based on the diagram or map in question.

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Solid minerals are naturally occurring substances that are mined for economic gain. Nigeria is blessed with a variety of solid minerals including tin, columbite, marble, iron ore, uranium, lead, diamond, and bauxite. However, some of the solid minerals found in Nigeria are marble, tin, and columbite.

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The correct answer is Option 3.

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Most of the industries located in rural areas are raw materials-oriented. This means that they are usually established close to the source of their raw materials, such as agricultural products, minerals, and timber. These industries process these raw materials into finished goods, which are then transported to urban centers for sale or further processing. Raw materials-oriented industries in rural areas help to create jobs, promote economic growth, and increase the value of agricultural and natural resources.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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The correct answer is option 4.

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The feature marked X in the diagram is a "stack". A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. It forms when erosion processes such as wave action erode the softer, more easily weathered rock layers surrounding a harder rock formation, leaving only the harder material behind in the form of a column. Stacks are typically located a short distance from the coast and are often surrounded by water.

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Nigerian towns that grew significantly in the 20th century due to the development of the railway include Eungu, Jos, Kaduna, and Minna. The railway played a significant role in the economic development of these towns, allowing for the transport of goods and people, and facilitating trade and commerce. The railway also made it easier for people to move from rural areas to urban centers in search of work, which led to the growth of these towns.

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The difference in the readings on the dry and wet bulb thermometers is used to determine the relative humidity of the air. The dry bulb thermometer measures the ambient temperature of the air, while the wet bulb thermometer measures the temperature with the effect of evaporative cooling. The difference between the two temperatures, known as the "wet bulb depression," is a function of the humidity in the air. By comparing the wet bulb depression to a chart or calculator, you can determine the relative humidity of the air. Relative humidity is the amount of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount the air can hold at a given temperature. So, the difference in readings on the dry and wet bulb thermometers can tell you how much moisture is in the air, which allows you to calculate the relative humidity.

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Based on the geography of the area on the map, the main occupation of the people is most likely to be farming. This is because the region appears to have large stretches of flat, fertile land that would be suitable for growing crops. Additionally, there are several bodies of water nearby, which would provide a source of irrigation for crops and may also support some fishing activities. Although lumbering and mining may also be possible in the region due to the presence of mountains and forests, it seems less likely given the predominance of flat land. Therefore, farming is the most likely main occupation of the people in the area on the map.

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The correct answer is option 1.

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The correct answer is option 1.

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The correct answer is option 4.

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The question is asking about the region with the least population density among the four options given. The answer is most likely the Eurasian Tundra. The tundra is a cold, treeless region in the far north of Eurasia, where temperatures are very low and the ground is permanently frozen. Due to its harsh conditions, the tundra is sparsely populated and has a low population density. North-west Europe, North-east U.S.A., and the Nile Valley are all more densely populated than the tundra. North-west Europe and the Nile Valley have fertile land and access to water, which has historically attracted human settlements. The North-east U.S.A. is a densely populated region due to its economic opportunities and historical development. It's important to note that the actual population density may vary depending on the specific location and year, and the answer may differ based on the interpretation of the question or the specific information provided.

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The correct answer is option 2.

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Kano is a major population centre in Nigeria because of its early religious and economic significance. The city has a rich history of being a center for trans-Saharan trade in the 11th century and also as a hub for Islamic education in West Africa. The city's strategic location as a trade route between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa contributed to its economic growth and attracted people from different parts of Africa and beyond. This historical significance has helped to shape Kano into a major commercial and population center in Nigeria.

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The ferralitic soils in West Africa are mostly found in the savannah belt. These soils are generally acidic and low in fertility, but can be improved with proper management practices such as fertilization and crop rotation. The savannah belt, which is characterized by grassland and scattered trees, covers a large area of West Africa, including countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal.

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In river transport, irregular levels of water can cause problems for ships or boats to navigate safely. Therefore, a solution is needed to overcome this issue. Building locks and canals is a solution to the problem of irregular water levels. Locks are structures that are built in rivers to raise or lower boats or ships from one water level to another. Canals are artificial waterways that are built to provide a navigable route between two bodies of water, usually at different elevations. By using locks and canals, boats and ships can navigate through a river system that has different water levels and avoid getting stuck or damaged. Changing the direction of flow, clearing water weeds, or controlling the current are not direct solutions to the problem of irregular levels of water in river transport.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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A government policy that is likely to encourage massive importation of goods into a country is the relaxation of currency control. This policy involves easing restrictions on the movement of currency in and out of a country, which makes it easier for businesses to import goods from foreign countries. When currency controls are relaxed, it becomes easier for businesses to access foreign currencies, which they can use to pay for imports. As a result, there is a higher likelihood of massive importation of goods into the country. This policy can be detrimental to local industries, as it can lead to increased competition from foreign goods, which may be cheaper and of higher quality, leading to the decline of local industries.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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The common feature of the lakes marked F, G, and H is that they are located within the East African Rift Valley. This is a geological formation that runs through East Africa and is characterized by a series of rifts or depressions in the Earth's surface. The lakes in this region were formed as a result of tectonic activity and are known for their unique ecosystems and biodiversity. Some of these lakes, including those marked F, G, and H, are also used for hydroelectric power generation, but this is not the common feature shared by all three. They may vary in depth and distance from the equator.

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The option that is most influential in the location of textile and footwear industries is "Raw materials." This is because the availability of raw materials plays a crucial role in the production process of these industries. For instance, cotton is a raw material for the textile industry, and countries that have a comparative advantage in cotton production are likely to have a significant presence in the textile industry. Similarly, leather is a raw material for the footwear industry, and countries that have a comparative advantage in leather production are likely to have a significant presence in the footwear industry. Therefore, the proximity of these raw materials to the location of the industry is an essential factor to consider.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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An example of a rock formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat is lignite. Lignite is a type of coal that is formed from peat, which is partially decomposed plant material. Over time, peat can be buried and subjected to high pressure and temperature, causing it to undergo a process of coalification. During this process, the plant material in the peat is gradually transformed into coal. Lignite is the lowest rank of coal, and is characterized by its brownish-black color and relatively low energy content. Lignite is formed from the compression and heating of wood, which is a type of plant material. So, lignite is an example of a rock formed by wood subjected to pressure and heat.

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The correct answer is option 4.

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The correct answer is option 2.

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The correct answer is Option 2.

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Some of the physical properties of soils include texture, structure, and porosity. Soil texture refers to the size of the particles that make up the soil. Soil can be classified as sandy, loamy, or clayey depending on the predominant particle size. Soil structure refers to how the particles are arranged and aggregated. Soil can be granular, blocky, or platy, depending on the way the particles are arranged. Porosity refers to the amount of space between the soil particles, which affects the soil's ability to hold water and air. Other physical properties of soil can include things like color, which can indicate the presence of certain minerals, and alkalinity or acidity, which can affect plant growth. However, texture, structure, and porosity are three of the most important physical properties of soil, as they can have a significant impact on the soil's fertility, water-holding capacity, and overall health.

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The difference between towns and villages is that towns typically perform more tertiary functions than villages. Tertiary functions refer to services such as banking, education, healthcare, entertainment, and other non-primary and non-secondary economic activities. Villages, on the other hand, are typically more focused on primary activities such as agriculture and fishing, and may have limited access to tertiary services. Therefore, towns are generally more developed and have a higher concentration of infrastructure and services than villages.

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The Obudu Plateau in the Cross River Basin is well known for its cattle ranching and tourism. The plateau's cool and temperate climate makes it ideal for rearing cattle, which provides a source of income for local farmers and contributes to the economy of the region. Additionally, the beautiful scenery and natural attractions of the area, such as the Obudu Mountain Resort, draws tourists from far and wide, creating employment opportunities and generating revenue for the local economy.

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The birth rate of a country is the number of births per 1,000 people in a given year. To calculate the birth rate of the country with a total population of 150,000,000 and registered births of 3,000,000 in a given year, we need to divide the number of registered births by the total population and then multiply by 1,000. So, the birth rate of the country is: (3,000,000 / 150,000,000) x 1,000 = 20 This means that for every 1,000 people in the population, there were 20 births in that year. To convert this into a percentage, we can divide the birth rate by 10, which gives us: 20 / 10 = 2% Therefore, the birth rate of the country is 2%.

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The correct answer is Option 2.

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The correct answer is option 3.

This is because the length is 6.75cm and the scale is 1cm to 2km. Therefore, length is 2km x 6.75 = 13.5km.

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An organism's survival in a natural ecosystem depends largely on its adaptation to prevailing conditions. This means that the organism must have physical and behavioral traits that enable it to survive in its environment. For example, an organism may have a specialized digestive system that allows it to break down certain types of food found in its habitat, or it may have evolved camouflage to help it blend in with its surroundings and avoid predators. Without these adaptations, an organism would be unable to thrive and reproduce in its natural environment.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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The correct answer is option 3.

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The Oke-Hatis Road goes through a plain that can be flooded by the River Haba. To keep the road safe and accessible during floods, a specific construction is needed. An embankment is a raised structure of earth or other materials, usually built to prevent flooding by holding back water. Therefore, an embankment is the most likely solution for the Oke-Hatis Road to pass through the floodable plain of the River Haba. It can help prevent the road from being washed away or submerged during floods.

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The correct answer is option 1.

The feature marked Y is an Ox-bow lake. It is also known as cut-offs or bayous. It is a feature of lower course. In the lower course, the meander becomes pronounced. There will come a time when the river cuts through the narrow neck of the loop.

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The correct answer is option 2.

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The correct answer is option 2.

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The correct answer is option 1.

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It is the biggest lake in Africa and River Nile flows out of the lake.