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Pregunta 1 Informe
In the nitrogen cycle , nitrite is oxidized to nitrate by
Detalles de la respuesta
In the nitrogen cycle, the conversion of nitrite into nitrate is an important step. This process is known as nitrification. Nitrification is carried out by specific types of bacteria found in soil and water environments. The bacteria responsible for this transformation are primarily of the genus called Nitrobacter.
Nitrobacter bacteria play a crucial role by taking nitrite (NO2-), which is a less stable and less usable form of nitrogen for most plants, and converting it into nitrate (NO3-), which is a more stable and accessible form of nitrogen for plant uptake. This step is crucial because it makes nitrogen available in a form that can be easily absorbed by plants, thus supporting plant growth and development.
In summary, Nitrobacter are the bacteria responsible for oxidizing nitrite to nitrate in the nitrogen cycle.
Pregunta 2 Informe
The most active agent of physical weathering in arid legions is
Detalles de la respuesta
In arid regions, the most active agent of physical weathering is wind.
Arid regions, known for their dry climates and minimal vegetation, provide ideal conditions for wind to actively erode and weather the landscape. Here's how it works:
Although temperature, water, and ice can also contribute to physical weathering, wind is particularly significant in arid regions due to its persistence and effectiveness in altering the landscape without the need for much moisture.
Pregunta 3 Informe
The tree species commonly planted for pulpwood is
Detalles de la respuesta
When it comes to planting tree species for pulpwood, the primary goal is to select species that grow quickly and produce a high yield of wood fiber. **Gmelina arborea**, commonly referred to as Gmelina, is one of the most popular tree species used for this purpose. There are several reasons for this preference:
These characteristics make **Gmelina arborea** an ideal choice for pulpwood production, allowing it to be favored in plantations focused on the production of pulp and paper products.
Pregunta 4 Informe
The alternate heating and cooling of rocks will result in
Detalles de la respuesta
The **alternate heating and cooling of rocks** will primarily result in **fragmentation**. This process is commonly known as **physical weathering** or **mechanical weathering**.
Here's how it works:
In contrast, the other processes listed involve different conditions:
Thus, the **alternate heating and cooling of rocks** primarily results in their **fragmentation** into smaller pieces.
Pregunta 5 Informe
Plant breeders aim at obtaining the following except
Detalles de la respuesta
Plant breeders are focused on improving the characteristics of plants to meet specific goals and demands. Here is an explanation of the aims listed, highlighting the one that is generally not a typical aim for breeders:
Adaptation to pollination: Plant breeders generally focus on adaptations that allow for more efficient pollination. This could involve traits that attract pollinators or improve the chances of successful fertilization.
Tolerance to climate extremes: A significant aim for breeders is to develop plants that can withstand adverse climate conditions like drought, frost, or extreme temperatures. This ensures that the plants can survive and produce fruits or seeds even under challenging environments.
Uniformity in the time of maturity: Breeders aim for uniform maturity so that the entire crop can be harvested at the same time, simplifying the harvesting process and improving efficiency.
Resistance to pests: This is a critical aim because it reduces the need for pesticides, lowers production costs, and increases yield by ensuring that plants are less susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.
The point that is generally not a focus of plant breeders is adaptation to pollination specifically in terms of adapting plants for their own pollination processes. While pollination is important, breeders are more focused on traits that enhance successful pollination rather than altering the plant to adapt specifically for that process.
Pregunta 6 Informe
Which of the following is not correct about the importance of agriculture?
Detalles de la respuesta
Agriculture is fundamentally vital to many aspects of human society and the economy. Let's explore how the given points pertain to the importance of agriculture:
Provision of Raw Materials for Agro-Based Industries: Agriculture supplies essential raw materials like cotton, jute, sugarcane, and rubber that are crucial for various industries. This makes it an important backbone for industrial operations.
Serving as a Main Source of Foreign Exchange: Agricultural products such as coffee, cocoa, tea, and spices are often exported globally. This means agriculture is a significant contributor to foreign exchange earnings, helping stabilize economies, especially in developing countries.
Supply of Food: One of the fundamental roles of agriculture is to provide food for human consumption. It is the primary source of sustenance for the global population, making it an indispensable element for food security.
Provision of Employment: Agriculture is a major employment sector worldwide. It provides jobs for millions of people, particularly in rural areas, contributing significantly to livelihoods and income generation.
The point that is not correct in highlighting the importance of agriculture from a different context would depend on the wider economic and geographical setting, but generally, all stated points are commonly acknowledged as essential roles played by agriculture.
Pregunta 7 Informe
The following are characteristics of quartz except
Detalles de la respuesta
Quartz is a very common mineral, and some of its main characteristics include being glass-like in appearance and having a shiny surface. These properties are due to its ability to form into well-defined crystals that reflect and refract light. Additionally, quartz can appear granular when it is found in massive form, often forming compact, grain-like masses.
However, the characteristic that does not align with quartz is having cleavage. Cleavage in minerals refers to the tendency to break along smooth, flat surfaces, which is a property due to weaknesses in the mineral's structure. Unlike some minerals, quartz does not have cleavage. Instead, it exhibits a property known as conchoidal fracture, which means it breaks with curved, shell-like surfaces rather than smooth, flat planes.
In summary, the property that does not describe quartz is having cleavage, as quartz is known for its conchoidal fracture. The other characteristics such as being glass-like, shiny, and sometimes appearing granular are true descriptions of quartz.
Pregunta 8 Informe
Which of the following uses of land should be given more attention in Nigeria for self-sufficiency in food production?
Detalles de la respuesta
In Nigeria, **establishing agriculture and forestry** should be given more attention to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. Here's why:
Agriculture:
Forestry:
While building research centers, establishing wildlife preserves, and constructing roads are essential in their own right, focusing on agriculture and forestry provides the foundation for ensuring food security, sustaining livelihoods, and fostering holistic economic growth in Nigeria.
Pregunta 9 Informe
Gummosis is caused by a
Detalles de la respuesta
Gummosis is a condition that affects trees, particularly stone fruit trees like peaches, cherries, and plums. It is characterized by the excretion of sap or gum from wounds or cracks in the bark. The primary cause of gummosis is often related to stress factors, injuries, or infections. While gummosis can occur due to a variety of reasons such as physical damage or environmental stress, it is important to understand the role of different organisms in causing or exacerbating this condition.
In the context of organisms that could be involved, **fungal** and **bacterial** infections are the most common biological causes of gummosis. **Fungal** infections such as those caused by the fungi of the genus Botryosphaeria, are frequently associated with gummosis in trees. These fungi invade the tree through wounds or damaged areas and result in the production of gum as the tree attempts to isolate the infection.
Similarly, **bacterial** infections, particularly by bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas (for example, Pseudomonas syringae), can also lead to gummosis. These bacteria take advantage of wounds to enter the tree and cause gum formation as a response to the infection.
Although **nematodes** and **viruses** can negatively impact trees, they are not typically associated with causing gummosis. **Nematodes** are more likely to affect the root system, while **viruses** might cause other symptoms like leaf mottling or fruit deformities.
Thus, **the most common biological causes of gummosis are infections by fungi and bacteria**. When dealing with gummosis, it is essential to examine the possible presence of these pathogens and address any injuries or stress factors affecting the tree.
Pregunta 10 Informe
Weed plants which grow on other plants without deriving nutrients from them are called
Detalles de la respuesta
Plants that grow on other plants but do not take nutrients from them are called epiphytes. Unlike parasites, which extract nutrients from their host plant, epiphytes simply use the host plant for physical support. This allows them to gain better access to light, air, and rainwater. Epiphytes are common in rainforests, where they grow on larger trees to reach sunlight. They have special adaptations, like aerial roots, to absorb moisture and nutrients from the air rather than relying on the soil.
Pregunta 11 Informe
The factors that affect the number and the activities of soil micro-organisms include the following except
Detalles de la respuesta
When evaluating the factors that affect the number and activities of soil microorganisms, it's essential to understand how each factor influences their environment:
Soil Moisture: Water is crucial for the survival of microorganisms as it facilitates their metabolic processes and nutrient transfer. Soil moisture can significantly affect microbial activity and population. Too much or too little water can reduce microbial activity since it impacts their ability to respire and access nutrition.
Degree of Soil Acidity (pH): The pH level of soil affects the growth and diversity of microorganisms. Each microorganism has its preferred pH range, and extreme acidity or alkalinity can hinder their growth. Hence, the acidity of the soil plays a crucial role in determining the microbial population.
Soil Aeration: Oxygen availability is vital for the respiration of aerobic soil microorganisms. Good soil aeration ensures that oxygen can penetrate the soil, which supports aerobic microbial activity. Poorly aerated soils may favor anaerobic organisms but lower the overall microbial diversity and activity.
Topography: Contrary to the other factors, topography itself does not directly affect the number and activities of soil microorganisms. However, it can indirectly influence factors like moisture and temperature distribution across the landscape. The impacts of topography are often significant but are more mediated through secondary effects rather than being a direct factor influencing microbial numbers and activities.
In conclusion, while soil moisture, acidity, and aeration directly influence the presence and activity of soil microorganisms, topography primarily affects them indirectly through its effects on other environmental conditions.
Pregunta 12 Informe
The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is a step in agricultural development
Detalles de la respuesta
The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is indeed a step in agricultural development. Here's why:
Modern Methods refer to the use of advanced techniques, tools, and technologies in agriculture, such as tractors, genetically modified seeds, chemical fertilizers, and automated irrigation systems. These methods have several advantages:
By adopting these modern methods, farmers can not only maximize production but also ensure the sustainability and economic viability of their agricultural practices. This shift from traditional to modern methods represents a significant development in agriculture as it transforms the way farming is performed, leading to overall growth and efficiency in the agricultural sector.
Pregunta 13 Informe
Which of the following defines agriculture?
Detalles de la respuesta
Agriculture is best defined as the science and art of farming to satisfy human needs. This definition encompasses a broad range of activities that include both the cultivation of soil for growing crops and the raising of livestock. The concept of agriculture covers various aspects such as soil management, crop production, breeding, genetics, plant pathology, and more. It is both a science, because it involves understanding biological, chemical, and ecological processes, and an art, because it requires skill and expertise to effectively manage these processes to produce food and other resources needed by humans. Therefore, among the definitions provided, this one captures the full scope of what agriculture truly involves.
Pregunta 14 Informe
Which of the following group of basic amenities should be provided in rural areas for improved agricultural productivity?
Detalles de la respuesta
For improved agricultural productivity in rural areas, a specific set of basic amenities plays a crucial role. Let's consider each in detail:
Hence, the combination of water, electricity, and health care centres is the most effective group of basic amenities to significantly improve agricultural productivity in rural areas. These provide the necessary infrastructure to support and sustain agricultural activities, thereby enhancing productivity and the overall quality of life in rural areas.
Pregunta 15 Informe
Air sacs are present in
Detalles de la respuesta
Air sacs are present in poultry, which includes birds like chickens, ducks, and turkeys. These air sacs are an essential part of the avian respiratory system. Unlike mammals, birds have a unique respiratory system that includes a series of air sacs that facilitate a continuous flow of air through their lungs. This system allows for more efficient gas exchange, which is crucial for their energy needs during activities like flying.
In more detail, when birds inhale, air doesn't just go into their lungs but also fills these air sacs. On the next exhalation, the air moves from the air sacs into the lungs, where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. This method ensures that the bird's lungs have a continuous supply of fresh air, both when they inhale and exhale.
Other animals listed, such as rabbits, goats, and cattle, have different respiratory systems without air sacs; they rely on diaphragm-based breathing similar to humans for their oxygen needs. The specialized respiratory system of birds thus gives them an advantage in terms of metabolic efficiency, which is particularly important given the energy demands of flying.
Pregunta 16 Informe
An accessory sex gland in bull is
Detalles de la respuesta
The accessory sex gland in a bull is the prostate gland.
The reproductive system in mammals includes various glands that support reproduction. In male animals like bulls, the accessory sex glands play a crucial role in the reproductive process:
As we can see, the only gland in this list that is directly related to the reproductive system of bulls is the prostate gland. Therefore, it is the correct answer when identifying the accessory sex gland in bulls.
Pregunta 17 Informe
The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is a step in agricultural
Detalles de la respuesta
The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is a step in agricultural development. This is because development involves improving and advancing the way things are done to increase efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. By introducing modern methods, farmers can benefit from higher yields, better resource management, and improved quality of agricultural products.
Modern agricultural methods include the use of advanced technology such as tractors, automated machinery, and precision farming tools, as well as techniques like genetic modification and advanced irrigation systems. These methods help to optimize the use of resources, reduce the time and labor needed, and minimize environmental impact.
Traditional methods, on the other hand, often rely on manual labor and are subject to limitations such as low yields, more susceptibility to pests, and inefficient use of resources. By adopting modern techniques, agriculture becomes more efficient, sustainable, and capable of meeting the needs of a growing population.
Therefore, transitioning from traditional to modern methods is a sign of progress and development in agriculture.
Pregunta 18 Informe
Igneous rocks formed within the crust are called
Detalles de la respuesta
Igneous rocks that form within the Earth's crust are called plutonic rocks. These rocks form when magma cools and solidifies slowly beneath the Earth's surface. Because of the slow cooling process, plutonic rocks typically have large, visible crystals. A common example of a plutonic rock is granite.
To better understand, imagine that magma is like a molten rock mixture. When it finds its way into the Earth's crust and cools down very slowly, it gives enough time for the crystals to grow large. This is different from volcanic rocks, which are formed when magma reaches the surface, cools quickly and forms smaller crystals.
Pregunta 19 Informe
Which of the following is an example of igneous rock?
Detalles de la respuesta
The correct answer is granite. Let me explain why:
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They are one of the three main types of rocks, the other two being sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Now, let’s briefly look at the options:
Therefore, based on the formation and characteristics, granite is the example of an igneous rock in the list.
Pregunta 20 Informe
A major symptom of onion/twister is
Detalles de la respuesta
A major symptom of onion/twister is the appearance of dark brown spots on leaves. Onion/twister is a disease that affects onion plants, causing the leaves to twist and curl
Pregunta 21 Informe
Which of the following will not lead to loss of nitrogen compound from the soil?
Detalles de la respuesta
Let's go through the processes listed one by one to determine which does not lead to the loss of nitrogen compounds from the soil:
Burning: When organic matter, such as plant material, is burned, the nitrogen within that material is released into the atmosphere in the form of gases, such as nitrogen oxides and ammonia. This process results in the loss of nitrogen from the soil.
Crop Removal: When crops are harvested, the nitrogen contained in plant tissue is removed from the field and, thus, from the soil. This is because the plants absorb nitrogen from the soil as they grow, and harvesting takes that nitrogen away.
Lodging: Lodging involves the bending or breaking of crop plants near the ground, often due to environmental factors like wind or rain. This does not result in the loss of nitrogen from the soil because the nitrogen compounds remain in the plants and soil. Lodged plants continue to interact with the soil ecosystem, allowing nitrogen to be recycled back into the soil.
Leaching: Leaching occurs when water percolates through the soil and dissolves soluble nutrients, including nitrogen compounds like nitrates, which are then carried away deeper into the soil or into water bodies. This process leads to the loss of nitrogen from the root zone of the soil.
In conclusion, lodging does not lead to the loss of nitrogen compounds from the soil. It merely results in the physical displacement of plants but does not remove or transform the nitrogen compounds in a way that results in their loss from the soil ecosystem.
Pregunta 22 Informe
Andropogon gayanus is commonly called
Detalles de la respuesta
Andropogon gayanus is commonly called gamba grass.
The reason it is referred to as gamba grass stems from its characteristics and origin. Andropogon gayanus is a perennial grass species native to Africa, and it has been introduced to several other regions due to its usefulness as a cattle fodder because of its high biomass production and adaptability to different environments. Despite being beneficial for grazing, it can also become an invasive species in environments outside its native range. This characteristic name comes from its widespread and recognized use in agricultural and ecological contexts.
Pregunta 23 Informe
Which of the following soil water is tightly held to the surface of the soil particles?
Detalles de la respuesta
The type of soil water that is tightly held to the surface of soil particles is hygroscopic water.
Here is a simple explanation:
In contrast, the other types of soil water, like capillary water and gravitational water, are less tightly bound and more available to plants or can be drained away under the force of gravity.
Pregunta 24 Informe
One of the peculiarities of the intestine tract of a fowl is the possession of
Detalles de la respuesta
The intestinal tract of a fowl, like other avian species, has a peculiar feature known as the cloaca. This is a common cavity at the end of the digestive tract into which the intestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts open. While many animals have separate openings for these systems, birds have a single opening called the cloaca.
The cloaca is a unique characteristic because it serves multiple functions. It receives waste from the intestines, urine from the kidneys, and eggs or sperm from the reproductive system. The cloaca then opens to the outside of the body, allowing the bird to excrete waste and reproduce.
This structure is different from mammals, which have separate systems for digestion, waste excretion, and reproduction. The cloaca is an efficient way for birds to streamline these processes, making it a distinctive and important feature of their anatomy.
Pregunta 25 Informe
Government laws and reforms are aimed at
Detalles de la respuesta
Government laws and reforms in the agricultural sector are primarily aimed at increasing agricultural production. This is achieved through a variety of mechanisms, such as providing subsidies, implementing policies that support farmers, investing in agricultural research and technology, and ensuring access to resources like water and land. These efforts are designed to enhance the efficiency and productivity of agricultural activities. By increasing agricultural production, the government can ensure food security, reduce dependency on imports, and support the livelihood of farmers and related industries.
Pregunta 26 Informe
Which of the following livestock endoparasite is a hermaphmdite?
Detalles de la respuesta
To determine which of the mentioned livestock endoparasites is a hermaphrodite, it's important to understand what a hermaphrodite is. A hermaphrodite organism has both male and female reproductive organs, allowing it to reproduce without needing a mate of the opposite sex.
For each parasite:
Therefore, in the context of your question, both liverfluke and tapeworm are hermaphrodites. However, if choosing only one as a typical example of a hermaphroditic endoparasite, both can be valid responses, but tapeworm is often more prominently recognized.
Pregunta 27 Informe
Financial assistance from the government to the farmers is usually in the following forms except
Detalles de la respuesta
Financial assistance from the government to farmers generally comes in various forms. Let's explore each of them:
Subsidy: A subsidy is a financial support provided by the government to farmers. It helps in lowering the cost of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and machinery, making farming more affordable and sustainable. The aim is to enhance production and stabilize food prices.
Loans: Governments often provide loans to farmers at low interest rates. These loans help farmers invest in better equipment, seeds, and technology, which can improve productivity and reduce dependency on traditional methods.
Credit: Similar to loans, credit involves providing financial resources to farmers. It can be in the form of credit lines that farmers can draw from as needed, allowing them flexibility in managing cash flows for various farming needs.
Now, let's consider tax.
Tax is not a form of financial assistance; it is actually the opposite, as it involves the government collecting money from individuals and businesses. Taxes contribute to the government's revenue but do not directly assist farmers financially like subsidies, loans, or credit.
Therefore, among the options listed, tax is the exception as it is a form of financial obligation rather than assistance.
Pregunta 28 Informe
Wastage of agricultural products during the harvesting period is mainly due to inadequate?
Detalles de la respuesta
Wastage of agricultural products during the harvesting period is primarily due to inadequate storage and processing facilities. Let's break this down:
When crops are harvested, they need to be properly stored to maintain their quality and prevent spoilage. Without adequate storage facilities, farmers may not be able to keep their produce under the right conditions, leading to deterioration. This is especially important for perishable products like fruits and vegetables, which can spoil quickly if not kept in cool, dry places.
Furthermore, processing facilities are crucial for handling agricultural products soon after harvesting. Processing can include cleaning, sorting, drying, or packaging produce, which helps extend its shelf life and makes it ready for market. Without these facilities, produce can quickly degrade, resulting in significant wastage.
In summary, having sufficient and efficient storage and processing facilities is key to reducing wastage of agricultural products during the harvest period. It ensures that produce maintains its quality and can reach consumers without spoilage.
Pregunta 29 Informe
The foot and mouth disease of cattle is caused by a
Detalles de la respuesta
The foot and mouth disease of cattle is caused by a virus. This particular virus is known as the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). It is a highly contagious viral infection that affects not only cattle but other cloven-hoofed animals like sheep, goats, and pigs. The disease is characterized by the development of blisters in the mouth and on the feet, leading to lameness and drooling.
The virus spreads rapidly among animals through direct contact, contaminated feed, and even the wind, making it challenging to control. Managing this disease involves strict biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, and sometimes culling infected animals to prevent further spread. Understanding that the cause is viral is crucial because it informs the strategies used for prevention and control, which differ significantly from those for diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, or nematodes.
Pregunta 30 Informe
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good pasture?
Detalles de la respuesta
In evaluating the characteristics of a good pasture, it is important to consider the elements that contribute to effective livestock grazing and growth. Let's go through each characteristic:
Therefore, a high stem to leaf ratio is not a characteristic of a good pasture. It indicates fewer leaves, which are crucial for providing energy and nutrients to livestock.
Pregunta 31 Informe
Which of the following group of crops can be attacked by smut diseases?
Detalles de la respuesta
Smut diseases are caused by a group of fungi that primarily attack cereal crops. The infection leads to the formation of thick-walled and often black, sooty spores. The crops most affected by smut diseases are those in the grass family. These fungi often attack the grains or inflorescences of the plants, which can lead to significant agricultural losses.
Out of the given options, the crops rice, maize, and guinea corn are susceptible to smut diseases. Here's why:
Therefore, rice, maize, and guinea corn form the group of crops that can be attacked by smut diseases.
Pregunta 32 Informe
New-born animals should be fed with colostrum because it
Detalles de la respuesta
New-born animals should be fed with colostrum primarily because it contains antibodies that protect them against diseases. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother shortly after giving birth. This special milk is rich in antibodies and nutrients essential for the new-born's health.
Antibodies are proteins that can fight infections and boost the immune system. By consuming colostrum, new-born animals receive immediate protection against common diseases and infections they might encounter in the first days of their life. This early protection is crucial because new-borns are particularly vulnerable to illnesses until their own immune systems are more developed.
While colostrum is also easily digested and is the first milk produced before birth, the primary reason it is so vital for new-borns is the presence of these protective antibodies.
Pregunta 33 Informe
Which of the following will not be affected by an excessive amount of water content in feeds?
Detalles de la respuesta
In simple terms, when feed has too much water, it can cause several issues. Excessive water content can lead to a decrease in nutritive value because nutrients might wash out or break down. Furthermore, too much moisture can encourage the growth of molds, as they thrive in damp environments. This, in turn, can result in the formation of toxic products, which are dangerous for consumption.
However, there's one aspect that will not be affected: improving the quality of such feeds. In fact, excessive water typically does the opposite; it reduces quality rather than enhancing it, by risking spoilage and nutrient loss.
Pregunta 34 Informe
The provision of farm inputs to farmers by the government can best be described as
Detalles de la respuesta
The provision of farm inputs to farmers by the government can best be described as a subsidy.
A subsidy is a form of financial assistance given by the government to reduce the cost of products or services, making them more affordable for the public. When the government provides farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and equipment at reduced costs or even for free, this helps farmers to lower their production costs. By doing so, farmers can produce agricultural goods more efficiently and affordably, leading to increased agricultural output and potentially lower prices for consumers.
Providing farm inputs as a subsidy can encourage agricultural productivity, support small-scale farmers, and boost the agricultural sector's overall growth and contribution to the economy. Unlike a loan or credit, which must be repaid, a subsidy does not require repayment, making it a direct form of assistance to farmers.
Pregunta 35 Informe
Which of the following does not fit into the agricultural use of land
Detalles de la respuesta
The activity that does not fit into the agricultural use of land is mining. Here's why:
Pregunta 36 Informe
The type of soil with a particle size of 0.02 to 0.002 mm
Detalles de la respuesta
The type of soil with a particle size ranging from 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters is known as silt. Soil particles are classified based on their sizes, and here is a brief explanation of other soil types for context:
In summary, silt describes soil with a particle size of 0.002 to 0.05 millimeters, making it distinct in its smooth texture and moderate drainage capacity.
Pregunta 37 Informe
Although clay soil is rich in nutrients, they are not good for most agricultural crop production because
- They do not release their nutrients
- Are too compact
- Poorly aerated
- Contain too much iron, aluminum, and boron.
- Lose their nutrient too readily after rain.
Which of the above is most correct
Detalles de la respuesta
Clay soil presents several challenges for agricultural crop production despite being rich in nutrients. One primary issue is that it often fails to release its nutrients effectively. The fine particles of clay hold onto nutrients too tightly, making it difficult for plant roots to absorb them. This means that although the nutrients are present, they are not always available to plants.
Another significant concern is that clay soil is too compact and poorly aerated. The tiny particles pack closely together, preventing air from circulating. This lack of aeration can lead to waterlogging, where plants cannot access oxygen needed for healthy root development. As a result, root systems can become weak and unable to support plant growth.
Additionally, clay soil may contain excessive amounts of iron, aluminum, and boron. While these elements are necessary in small quantities, their high levels can be toxic to plants, affecting their growth and development negatively.
Lastly, clay soil has a tendency to lose its nutrients readily after rain. Heavy rains can cause leaching, where water carries nutrients away from the root zone. Despite its nutrient richness, clay soil can become nutrient-deficient quickly after heavy rains, requiring frequent fertilization.
Overall, while clay soil is nutrient-rich, its composition and physical properties can significantly hinder crop production, making it less suitable for agriculture without proper management and amendment strategies.
Pregunta 38 Informe
The most important factor that determines the rate of agricultural development in a country is the
Detalles de la respuesta
The **most important factor** that determines the rate of agricultural development in a country is the **readiness of farmers to adopt viable agricultural research results**. Here's why:
1. Innovation and Efficiency: Agricultural research provides new techniques, tools, and practices that can significantly increase crop yields, reduce costs, and improve sustainability. When farmers are ready and willing to adopt these research results, they can implement more efficient and effective farming methods.
2. Adaptability to Change: The world of agriculture is continually evolving with advances in technology, improved crop varieties, pest control methods, and climate-smart practices. Farmers who are open to adopting research findings can quickly adapt to changes and challenges, leading to more robust agricultural development.
3. Economic Growth: By embracing new research, farmers can produce higher quality or larger quantities of agricultural products. This can lead to increased income for farmers, a reduction in poverty, and a contribution to the overall economic development of the country.
4. Sustainability: Viable agricultural research often focuses on sustainable practices. Farmers who are willing to implement these results help protect the environment, conserve resources, and ensure agricultural productivity for future generations.
While factors such as the number of machinery, herbicide use, and provision of raw materials are important, **they are secondary to the primary role of adopting research**. Machinery and herbicides are tools that can enhance farming when used appropriately, but their effectiveness largely depends on farmers being informed through research. Similarly, the provision of raw materials relies on agricultural production, which research adoption profoundly enhances.
Pregunta 39 Informe
Which of the following feedstuff does not contain phosphorus?
Detalles de la respuesta
In the context of animal nutrition, it's crucial to distinguish the nutrient content of various feedstuffs. When considering phosphorus, which is an essential mineral for bones and other biological functions, it's important to identify feedstuffs based on their primary composition.
Limestone and oyster shell are primarily composed of calcium carbonate. They are often used in animal feeds to supplement calcium, not phosphorus. Both these materials are mainly known for their high calcium content and typically contain little to no phosphorus.
On the other hand, fish meal and blood meal are animal-derived feed components rich in proteins and generally contain phosphorus as part of their natural organic composition.
Therefore, the feedstuff that does not contain phosphorus among the options listed is limestone, since it primarily provides calcium and not phosphorus.
Pregunta 40 Informe
Which of the following processes will not lead to the loss of nutrients from the soil?
Detalles de la respuesta
The process that will not lead to the loss of nutrients from the soil is mulching.
Here's a simple explanation of each process:
Leaching: This occurs when water (often from rain or irrigation) washes away nutrients from the soil into lower layers, making them unavailable to plants. This can result in a significant nutrient loss.
Harvesting: When crops are harvested, the nutrients that have accumulated in the plants' leaves, fruits, and other parts are removed from the environment, thus reducing the soil's nutrient content.
Erosion: This is the process where wind, water, or other natural agents wear away and move soil and its nutrients from one location to another, often leading to a reduction of soil fertility.
Mulching: This involves covering the soil with materials like straw, leaves, or wood chips. Mulching can help to retain soil moisture, reduce erosion, and enhance nutrient content as the mulch decomposes. Therefore, rather than causing nutrient loss, mulching adds nutrients back into the soil.
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