WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 2006 (Objective)

Question 1 Report

The problem of land available for agriculture can be solved by

compulsory acquisition of all pieces of land in dispute

enacting laws to regulate access to land

creating more land through land reclamation

collecting land rent from prospective farmers

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Question 2 Report

Irrigation water is passed underneath the soil through

sprinklers

canals

drips

pipes

Answer Details

Irrigation water is passed underneath the soil through pipes. Pipes are used in a type of irrigation called sub-surface irrigation or sub-irrigation. In this method, water is distributed to the roots of plants through pipes that are buried underground. The pipes are usually made of porous material, such as clay, which allows water to seep through and reach the roots. Sub-surface irrigation has several advantages over other irrigation methods. It reduces water loss through evaporation and runoff, saves energy by requiring less water pressure, and prevents soil erosion. It is particularly effective in areas with high water tables, where excess water can be collected and reused. Therefore, irrigation water is passed underneath the soil through pipes in sub-surface irrigation.

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Question 3 Report

Post-harvest equipment include

sheller and dryer

groundnut lifter and thresher

combine and forage harvesters

sheller and combine harvester

Fish Harvesting And Preservation

Harvesting, Processing And Storage Equipment

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Question 4 Report

Which of the following agronomic practices is not applicable to rice production?

threshing

transplanting

staking

puddling

Answer Details

The agronomic practice that is not applicable to rice production is staking. Staking is a practice of providing support to the stem of some crops like tomatoes, pepper, and beans, among others, to prevent the stems from breaking due to the weight of the fruit. Rice, on the other hand, is not staked because it is not a climbing plant. Threshing is a process of separating the grains from the straw or chaff after harvesting. Transplanting is the practice of uprooting seedlings from the nursery bed and replanting them on a well-prepared field. Puddling is the practice of churning the soil in a waterlogged field to make it muddy and reduce water loss. These practices are commonly used in rice production to achieve high yields.

Read lesson note on Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Land Preparation And Soil Tillage (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Husbandry Of Selected Crops (WAEC)

Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power

Land Preparation And Soil Tillage

Husbandry Of Selected Crops

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Question 5 Report

The advantages derived from the efficient combination of factors of production in agriculture include the following except

reduced production cost

increased production cost

increased profit margins

increased gross revenue

Answer Details

The answer is "increased production cost". Efficient combination of factors of production in agriculture refers to the optimal use of resources such as land, labor, and capital to achieve the highest level of output. This results in lower production costs, increased profit margins, and higher gross revenue. However, increased production costs would mean that the optimal use of resources has not been achieved, which would lead to lower profit margins and gross revenue. Therefore, increased production costs are not an advantage of efficient combination of factors of production in agriculture.

Read lesson note on Factors Of Production (WAEC)

Factors Of Production

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Question 6 Report

Which of the following factors is not considered in selection fish for stocking?

marketability of the specie

ease of caring for fingerlings

colour of the fingerlings

ability of being reared in captivity

Answer Details

The factor that is not considered in the selection of fish for stocking is the color of the fingerlings. When selecting fish for stocking, there are several factors that are considered, such as the marketability of the species, the ease of caring for the fingerlings, and the ability of the fish to be reared in captivity. These factors are important because they can affect the success of the stocking program and the profitability of the fish farmer. The marketability of the species ensures that there is demand for the fish, while the ease of caring for the fingerlings and the ability to rear them in captivity ensure that the fish can be raised successfully. However, the color of the fingerlings is not an important factor in the selection process, as it does not affect the growth or survival of the fish.

Read lesson note on Fisheries And Wildlife (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Forest Management (WAEC)

Fisheries And Wildlife

Forest Management

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Question 7 Report

Oestrogen in female is responsible for

development of secondary sexual characteristics

start of oestrus cycle

parturition

attainment of puberty

Animal Reproduction

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Question 8 Report

Although clayey soils are rich in nutrients, they are not good for most agricultural crop production because they

do not release their nutrients

are too compact and poorly aerated

lose their nutrients too readily after rains

contain too much iron,aluminium and boron

Answer Details

The reason why clayey soils are not good for most agricultural crop production is that they are too compact and poorly aerated. Clay soils are composed of very small particles that pack tightly together, leaving little space for air or water to move. As a result, they tend to become waterlogged and poorly aerated, which can make it difficult for plant roots to grow and absorb nutrients. This compactness also makes it harder for farmers to till and manage the soil. Although clay soils are rich in nutrients, they can become too compact for most agricultural crops, making them unsuitable for cultivation. The other options do not correctly explain the reason why clayey soils are not suitable for most agricultural crop production.

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Question 9 Report

Which of the following will not be a reason for afforestation?

population pressure

soil fertility conservation

wildlife conservation

prevention of natural hazard

Answer Details

The reason for afforestation is to plant trees on land that did not previously have trees or where trees were cut down. The options provided all provide good reasons for afforestation except one: population pressure. Population pressure refers to the increased demand for resources as a result of an increase in population, which can lead to deforestation as more land is cleared for agriculture or settlements. Therefore, population pressure is not a reason for afforestation.

Read lesson note on Soil Water And Soil Conservation (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Forest Management (WAEC)

Soil Water And Soil Conservation

Forest Management

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Question 10 Report

Rosette disease of groundnut is transmitted by

an eelworm

a grasshopper

a whitefly

an aphid

Answer Details

Rosette disease of groundnut is transmitted by an aphid. Aphids are tiny insects that feed on the sap of plants and can transmit viruses and other diseases from plant to plant. In the case of groundnuts, the aphids spread the rosette virus from infected plants to healthy plants as they feed on them. The virus then spreads throughout the plant, causing stunting, yellowing of leaves, and the characteristic rosette or bunching of leaves at the top of the plant. If left unchecked, the disease can significantly reduce the yield of groundnuts. Therefore, it is essential to take preventive measures to control the spread of aphids and the disease they transmit.

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

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Question 11 Report

Which of the following sequence of pre-planting operation is correct?

bush clearing, farm layout, burning and stumping

stumping, bush clearing, farm layout and burning

burning, farm layout, clearing and stumping

bush clearing, burning, stumping and farm layout

Answer Details

The correct sequence of pre-planting operations is bush clearing, burning and stumping, farm layout. This is because the first operation is usually to clear the farm of any bushes or trees that might hinder planting activities. After the clearing, the next operation is to burn any remaining vegetation and stumps to provide ashes and nutrients for the soil. The farm layout is then marked out, indicating the rows and planting spots, to ensure proper spacing and arrangement of crops. Therefore, option D, which starts with bush clearing, followed by burning, stumping and farm layout is the correct sequence of pre-planting operations.

Read lesson note on Pasture And Forage Crops (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Land Preparation And Soil Tillage (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Agricultural Mechanization (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Farm Planning (WAEC)

Pasture And Forage Crops

Land Preparation And Soil Tillage

Agricultural Mechanization

Farm Planning

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Question 12 Report

A farmer purchased a sprayer for N12,500 in 1974, at the end of the fourth year, he sold it for N4,300. The total depreciation is

N16,800

N8,200

N7,250

N820

Answer Details

The total depreciation of the sprayer is N8,200. Depreciation refers to the decrease in the value of an asset over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence. To calculate the total depreciation of the sprayer, we need to determine the annual depreciation rate and multiply it by the number of years the farmer owned the sprayer. Annual depreciation rate = (Purchase price - Sale price) / Useful life Useful life = 4 years (since the sprayer was sold at the end of the fourth year) Purchase price = N12,500 Sale price = N4,300 Annual depreciation rate = (N12,500 - N4,300) / 4 = N2,050 Total depreciation = Annual depreciation rate x Number of years Total depreciation = N2,050 x 4 = N8,200 Therefore, the total depreciation of the sprayer is N8,200.

Read lesson note on Farm Inputs (JAMB)

Farm Inputs

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Question 13 Report

The largest kola-nut producing vegetation zone in West Africa is the

sahel savanna

sudan savanna

derived savanna

mangrove swamp

History Of Agricultural Development In West Africa

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Question 14 Report

The process of removing a young animal from its mother is referred to as

culling

breeding

weaning

isolation

Answer Details

The process of removing a young animal from its mother is referred to as "weaning." Weaning is the process of gradually reducing a young animal's dependence on its mother's milk or maternal care and transitioning it to a different diet or care routine. This process usually takes place over several weeks, during which the young animal learns to eat solid food and becomes more independent. Culling, breeding, and isolation do not describe the process of removing a young animal from its mother. Culling refers to the selective removal of animals from a group based on specific criteria, such as health or productivity. Breeding refers to the process of producing offspring through controlled mating. Isolation refers to separating an animal from others for various reasons, such as disease control. Therefore, the correct option is "weaning."

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Reproduction In Farm Animals

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Question 15 Report

A farmer purchased a sprayer for N12,500 in 1974, at the end of the fourth year, he sold it for N4,300. The annual depreciation of the equipment is

N33,600

N20,050

N2,050

N2,005

Answer Details

To calculate the annual depreciation of the equipment, we need to find the total depreciation first. The farmer purchased the sprayer for N12,500 in 1974 and sold it for N4,300 at the end of the fourth year. The total depreciation of the equipment = Purchase price - Sale price = N12,500 - N4,300 = N8,200 The equipment was used for four years, so the annual depreciation is: Annual depreciation = Total depreciation / Number of years of use = N8,200 / 4 = N2,050 Therefore, the annual depreciation of the equipment is N2,050. Option C is the correct answer.

Read lesson note on Farm Inputs (JAMB)

Farm Inputs

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Question 16 Report

Nagana in cattle is otherwise known as

trypanosomiasis

babiosis

ascariasis

fascioliasis

Answer Details

Nagana in cattle is otherwise known as trypanosomiasis. Nagana is a disease that affects livestock, particularly cattle, in Africa. It is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma, which is transmitted to the animals through the bite of the tsetse fly. The disease can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, weakness, and anemia, and can be fatal if left untreated.

Read lesson note on Diseases Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Types And Classification Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Diseases Of Farm Animals

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

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Question 17 Report

Which of the following statements is not correct about Land Use Act?

land cannot be used for any purpose

government has control over unused land

it does not lead to land fragmenttion

it aims at re-allocation of land for farming purposes

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Question 18 Report

The use of fungal pathogens to control dodder weed is a

physical method

mechanical method

biological method

cultural method

Answer Details

The use of fungal pathogens to control dodder weed is a biological method. This method involves the use of living organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, to control pests or weeds. In this case, fungal pathogens are used to attack and kill the dodder weed, which is a parasitic plant that feeds on other plants. This method is often considered an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides because it does not harm non-target organisms and does not leave harmful residues in the environment.

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

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Question 19 Report

A spade is mainly used for

weeding

pruning

planting

digging

Answer Details

A spade is mainly used for digging. It is a tool with a flat, rectangular-shaped blade and a long handle, designed for cutting into the soil and lifting it out to create holes or trenches. It can be used to dig holes for planting trees, shrubs, and other plants, as well as for preparing garden beds, turning soil, and harvesting root crops like potatoes. While it can be used for light weeding and pruning, its primary function is to dig and move soil.

Read lesson note on Simple Farm Tools (JAMB)

Simple Farm Tools

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Question 20 Report

Which of the following structures is not a part of the digestive tract of pigs?

oesophagus

proventriculus

duodenum

colon

Answer Details

The correct answer is "proventriculus." The digestive tract of pigs is composed of several structures, including the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon, and rectum. The oesophagus is the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, while the stomach is divided into several compartments, including the cardiac region, fundus, body, and pylorus. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive tract and is further divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The cecum is a pouch-like structure that connects the small and large intestine, while the colon is the final part of the large intestine. The rectum is the terminal portion of the digestive tract where feces are stored before being eliminated from the body. The proventriculus, however, is not a structure found in the digestive tract of pigs. Instead, it is a glandular stomach found in birds and some other animals that secretes digestive enzymes and acid to break down food. Therefore, the correct answer is "proventriculus."

Read lesson note on Animal Reproduction (WAEC)

Animal Reproduction

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Question 21 Report

A farmer purchased a sprayer for N12,500 in 1974, at the end of the fourth year, he sold it for N4,300. The salvage value is

N1,075

N2,150

N4,300

N8,400

Crop Diseases

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Question 22 Report

Government ensures continuous availability of fish through

fish regulation

fish marketing

fish feeding

fish processing

Answer Details

Government ensures continuous availability of fish through fish regulation. Fish regulation refers to the set of policies, laws, and regulations put in place by the government to control the fishing industry. The main objective of fish regulation is to conserve fish stocks and ensure their sustainable utilization, thereby ensuring that fish remains available in the long term. The government achieves this by enforcing regulations such as fishing quotas, size limits, gear restrictions, and closed fishing seasons. These regulations help to control the amount and size of fish caught, as well as the methods used in fishing. Additionally, the government may establish protected areas where fishing is restricted or prohibited altogether, to allow fish stocks to recover. By regulating the fishing industry, the government ensures that fish populations remain healthy and abundant, thereby maintaining a continuous supply of fish for consumption and other purposes.

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Question 23 Report

Which of the following is a symptom of black-pod disease of cacao?

diseases leaves fall prematurely

characteristic swellings appear on young stems and roots

small brown spot first appears on the pod

veins of diseased leaves become red in colour

Answer Details

The correct answer is "small brown spot first appears on the pod". Black pod disease is a major fungal disease of cacao plants that causes damage to the pods and beans, leading to significant economic losses. The initial symptom of black pod disease is the appearance of small, water-soaked brown spots on the surface of the pods. These spots then enlarge and become sunken lesions, causing the pods to rot and turn black, hence the name "black pod disease." The disease can spread quickly and cause significant damage to the crop, leading to reduced yields and quality of cacao beans. Therefore, timely detection and management of the disease is essential for successful cacao production.

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

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Question 24 Report

Voiding of blood stained droppings by birds is a symptom of

fowl cholera

coccidiosis

newcastle disease

fowl typhoid

Crop Diseases

Diseases Of Farm Animals

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

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Question 25 Report

Broiler are generally marketed at the age of

4 - 6 weeks

8 -10 weeks

17 - 19weeks

20 - 22 weeks

Plant Propagation Methods

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Question 26 Report

The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is a step in agricultural

expansion

education

development

diversification

Answer Details

The replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is a step in agricultural development. Traditional farming methods often involve the use of rudimentary tools, such as hoes and cutlasses, and rely heavily on human labor. Modern farming methods, on the other hand, involve the use of mechanized tools and equipment, such as tractors and harvesters, and advanced techniques like precision farming and biotechnology. Modern methods lead to higher yields, better quality crops, and increased efficiency in farm operations. This results in improved food security, increased income for farmers, and overall growth in the agricultural sector. Therefore, the replacement of traditional farming methods with modern methods is considered a significant step in the development of agriculture.

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Irrigation And Drainage

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Question 27 Report

Which of the following statement best describes subsistence agriculture?

the rearing of animals only

small scale production of crops and livestock

raising of crops and animals for sale

use of machines in agricultural production

Answer Details

Subsistence agriculture is best described as the small-scale production of crops and livestock. It is a type of agriculture that is practiced to meet the basic needs of the farmer and their family, rather than for commercial purposes. The crops and livestock produced are primarily for home consumption, with any surplus sold or traded locally. Subsistence agriculture typically involves the use of traditional farming methods, such as hand tools and manual labour, rather than modern machinery. This type of agriculture is common in rural areas of developing countries, where farmers may not have access to modern technology or the financial resources to invest in large-scale commercial agriculture. Therefore, the option "small-scale production of crops and livestock" is the best description of subsistence agriculture.

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Question 28 Report

Which of the following sources of farm power generates highest amount of energy?

human power

wind power

animal power

mechanical power

Answer Details

Mechanical power generates the highest amount of energy compared to human power, animal power, and wind power. Mechanical power involves the use of machines and equipment powered by engines or motors. These machines can produce a high amount of energy and are capable of performing tasks that would be impossible or difficult for humans or animals to accomplish. Human power and animal power are limited by the physical capacity of the human or animal, while wind power is dependent on the strength of the wind. Therefore, mechanical power is the most efficient and reliable source of farm power for heavy-duty agricultural activities.

Read lesson note on Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power (JAMB)

Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power

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Question 29 Report

Which of the following is not a leguminous forage crop?

centrosema pubescens

panicum maximum

stylosanthes gracilis

pueraria phaseoloides

Answer Details

The forage crop that is not a leguminous plant is Panicum maximum. Leguminous forage crops are plants that belong to the legume family and are known for their ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil, which makes them important for soil fertility and productivity. Examples of leguminous forage crops include Centrosema pubescens, Stylosanthes gracilis, and Pueraria phaseoloides. Panicum maximum, on the other hand, is a grass species that is not classified as a legume. It is a common forage crop in tropical regions and is valued for its high productivity and good nutritional quality. However, unlike leguminous forage crops, it does not have the ability to fix nitrogen and therefore does not contribute to soil fertility in the same way.

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Read lesson note on Growth, Development And Reproduction (JAMB)

Pasture And Forage Crops

Growth, Development And Reproduction

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Question 30 Report

A fertilizer bag had the following inscription 27:10:10. This means that it contained

27kg of nirogen, 10kg of phosphate, 10kg of potash

27kg of phosphate, 10kg of potash, 10kg of nitrogen

27kg of potash, 10kg of nitrogen, 10kg of phosphate

27kg of sulphate, 10kg of potash, 10kg of phosphate

Answer Details

The inscription 27:10:10 on a fertilizer bag represents the percentage by weight of the three major macronutrients present in the fertilizer, namely nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the order of N:P:K. Therefore, a bag of fertilizer with the inscription 27:10:10 would contain 27% by weight of nitrogen, 10% by weight of phosphorus, and 10% by weight of potassium.

Read lesson note on Farm Inputs (JAMB)

Farm Inputs

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Question 31 Report

The vitamin which is essential for the growth of spermatozoa in males and the development of the foetus in females is

vitamin A

vitamin D

vitamin E

vitamin K

Answer Details

The vitamin which is essential for the growth of spermatozoa in males and the development of the fetus in females is vitamin E. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. It is also important for maintaining healthy skin and eyes, as well as boosting the immune system. In males, vitamin E helps to increase the production of healthy sperm and improve their motility. In females, it helps to prevent complications during pregnancy, such as pre-eclampsia and miscarriage.

Read lesson note on Livestock Management (WAEC)

Livestock Management

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Question 32 Report

An unproductive animal permanently removed from a productive stock is said to be

quarantined

culled

isolated

disposed

Answer Details

An unproductive animal permanently removed from a productive stock is said to be "culled". Culling is the process of selectively removing animals from a herd or flock based on certain criteria, such as poor productivity, poor health, age, or genetic defects. Culling unproductive animals helps to maintain the health and productivity of the remaining animals in the stock. For example, culling a cow that is not producing enough milk will allow the farmer to focus resources on the more productive cows, leading to better overall milk production. Similarly, culling sick animals can prevent the spread of disease to the rest of the herd.

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Diseases Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Animal Feeds And Feed Stuffs And Their Local Sources (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Growth, Development And Reproduction (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

Diseases Of Farm Animals

Animal Feeds And Feed Stuffs And Their Local Sources

Growth, Development And Reproduction

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Question 33 Report

Which of the following processes does not lead to the physical disintegration of rocks? The

heating and cooling of rock surfaces

expansion and contarction of rock minerals

formation of cracks and crevices

rapid cooling and solidification of rocks

Answer Details

The correct answer is "rapid cooling and solidification of rocks". When a liquid rock (magma) cools and solidifies, it undergoes a chemical change, but not a physical change. However, the other options mentioned in the question can lead to physical disintegration of rocks. Heating and cooling of rock surfaces, for example, can cause the outer layer of a rock to expand and contract, leading to the formation of cracks and fissures. Expansion and contraction of rock minerals due to temperature changes can also cause the rock to break apart. Similarly, the formation of cracks and crevices through the process of weathering and erosion can lead to the physical disintegration of rocks.

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Rocks

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Question 34 Report

Soil erosion caused by water can be controlled by

overgrazing and bush burning

ploughing and harrowing

land clearing and stumping

afforestation and erection of bunds

Answer Details

Soil erosion caused by water can be controlled by afforestation and erection of bunds. Afforestation involves planting trees in areas where there is soil erosion, especially on steep slopes. Trees help to hold the soil together with their roots and reduce the force of raindrops on the soil surface. Erection of bunds involves building a barrier made of soil, stones or other materials across the slope to slow down the flow of water and trap sediments, thus reducing soil erosion. This technique is often used in combination with other erosion control measures such as grass strips and contour ploughing.

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Question 35 Report

The urethra in the male animal is described as a urinogenital duct because it

opens to the outside through the penis

is attached to the accessory sex glands

is a common pathway for urine and sperms

is the site for the storage of sperms

Answer Details

The urethra in the male animal is described as a urinogenital duct because it is a common pathway for urine and sperm. The urethra is a tube-like structure that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body through the penis. It serves as a passage for both urine and semen in male animals. Urine is produced by the kidneys and stored in the urinary bladder, while semen is produced by the testes and accessory sex glands. During ejaculation, both urine and semen pass through the urethra and exit the body through the penis. Therefore, the correct option is C, "is a common pathway for urine and sperms". The other options, opening to the outside through the penis, being attached to accessory sex glands, and being the site for the storage of sperm, are not accurate descriptions of the function of the urethra.

Read lesson note on Animal Reproduction (WAEC)

Animal Reproduction

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Question 36 Report

To which of the following survey equipment is a piece of red cloth tied when it is being used?

cross staff

plumb bob

gunter's chain

arrow

Answer Details

A piece of red cloth is tied to an arrow when it is being used in surveying. The arrow is a survey equipment used to mark points on the ground. The red cloth makes it easier to spot and identify the arrow from a distance. It is usually tied to the top of the arrow, making it visible even from afar.

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Farm Surveying Equipment

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Question 37 Report

Which of the following statement is not an impediment to the development of agriculture in West Africa?

teeming population of insect pests

aggressive agricultural extension

chaotic marketing systems

pollution of the environment

Answer Details

The statement that is not an impediment to the development of agriculture in West Africa is "aggressive agricultural extension." Agricultural extension refers to the transfer of agricultural knowledge and technology to farmers, and an aggressive extension service can be beneficial to the development of agriculture in the region. However, the other options, such as teeming population of insect pests, chaotic marketing systems, and pollution of the environment, can hinder the growth and productivity of agriculture in West Africa.

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Read lesson note on Marketing Of Agricultural Produce (JAMB)

Crop Pests

Agricultural Extension

Marketing Of Agricultural Produce

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Question 38 Report

Mosaic disease affects

cotton and cocoa

groundnut and tomato

cassava and tobacco

mango and orange

Answer Details

Mosaic disease affects cassava and tobacco. Mosaic disease is a viral disease that causes mottling and discoloration of leaves. In cassava, mosaic disease can cause stunted growth, reduced yields, and even plant death. In tobacco, mosaic disease can cause yellow or green mottling of leaves and can reduce the quality of the tobacco. The disease is spread by infected plant material and by sap-sucking insects such as aphids.

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Read lesson note on Plant Propagation Methods (JAMB)

Crop Diseases

Plant Propagation Methods

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Question 39 Report

Hybrid vigour in crop improvement is brought about through

intorduction

mass selection

inbreeding

cross breeding

Answer Details

Hybrid vigor in crop improvement is brought about through crossbreeding. Hybrid vigor, also known as heterosis, is the phenomenon where the offspring of two genetically diverse parents exhibit superior characteristics than their parents. Crossbreeding is a method of plant breeding that involves crossing two genetically different varieties to create a hybrid with desirable traits such as improved yield, quality, or disease resistance. Introduction, mass selection, and inbreeding are plant breeding methods, but they do not produce hybrid vigor. Introduction refers to the introduction of new varieties into an area for cultivation. Mass selection involves selecting the best plants from a population for breeding. Inbreeding refers to the mating of closely related individuals, which often leads to decreased genetic diversity and reduced plant vigor. Therefore, the correct option for the process that brings about hybrid vigor in crop improvement is "crossbreeding."

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Crop Improvement

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Question 40 Report

Which of the following groups of crops will perform better in the savanna zone of West Africa?

cotton,millet and groundnut

cotton,coffee and cocoa

tobacco,sorghum and banana

sorghum,millet and oil-palm

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Question 41 Report

Which of the following classes of poultry feeds has the highest protein content?

chicks mash

growers mash

layers mash

broiler starter

Major Internal Organs Of Farm Animals

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Question 42 Report

The control of spear grass on the farm is difficult because

it produces a large quantity of seeds

it is easily propagated by suckers

it has a very persistent rhizome

seeds presist in the soil for a long time

Crop Diseases

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Question 43 Report

Wastage of agricultural produce may not be worsened by

poor transportation

land frangmentation

inadequate storage facilities

inadequate procesing facilities

Processing And Storage

Crop Diseases

Application Of ICT In Agriculture

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Question 44 Report

The two main elements of climate which affect soil formation are

rainfall and temperature

rainfall and air

temperature and light

wind and relative hunidity

Answer Details

The two main elements of climate that affect soil formation are rainfall and temperature. Rainfall and temperature are important factors in the formation of soil because they influence the rate at which chemical and physical weathering occurs. Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals through chemical processes, while physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and minerals through physical processes such as freeze-thaw cycles. Rainfall is important in soil formation because it helps to break down rocks and minerals through chemical weathering. It also provides the water necessary for plant growth, which contributes to the formation of organic matter in the soil. Temperature is also important in soil formation because it influences the rate at which chemical and physical weathering occurs. Higher temperatures generally lead to faster rates of weathering, while lower temperatures lead to slower rates of weathering. Therefore, the correct option is A, "rainfall and temperature", as these two elements have the most significant impact on the formation of soil. The other options, air, light, wind, and relative humidity, are also important factors in soil formation, but they are not as significant as rainfall and temperature.

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Question 45 Report

The act of giving birth in farm animal is called

hatching

laying

parturition

gestation

Answer Details

The act of giving birth in farm animals is called "parturition". When a female animal becomes pregnant, the fetus develops inside her uterus until it is ready to be born. During parturition, the animal goes through a series of contractions that push the fetus out of her body through the birth canal. This process is necessary for the continuation of the species and the production of offspring for meat, dairy or other purposes.

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Reproduction In Farm Animals

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Question 46 Report

The sequence of events in the reproductive process of a dairy animal is

lactation,parturition,gestation and copulation

parturition,copulation,lactation and gestation

gestation,lactation,parturition and copulation

copulation,gestation,parturition and lactation

Answer Details

The sequence of events in the reproductive process of a dairy animal is as follows: 1. Copulation: This is the process of mating between the male and female dairy animal, which is necessary for fertilization to occur. 2. Gestation: After fertilization, the female animal undergoes a period of gestation, during which the fertilized egg develops into a fetus. The length of gestation varies depending on the species of the animal, but is typically several months long. 3. Parturition: Parturition, also known as giving birth, is the process of delivering the fetus from the female animal's reproductive tract. This typically involves the animal going into labor and delivering the newborn calf. 4. Lactation: Following parturition, the female dairy animal begins to produce milk to feed her offspring. This period of milk production is known as lactation and typically lasts for several months until the calf is weaned. Therefore, the correct sequence of events in the reproductive process of a dairy animal is copulation, gestation, parturition, and lactation.

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Reproduction In Farm Animals

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Question 47 Report

Agricultural information flows from

research institutes through the extension officer to the farmer

farmer to research institutes and to the extension officer

extension officer to farmer and finally to the research institutes

research institutes to farmer and to extension officer

Answer Details

Agricultural information flows from research institutes through the extension officer to the farmer. Agricultural research institutes generate new knowledge and technologies that are disseminated to farmers through extension officers. Extension officers serve as intermediaries between researchers and farmers by providing information, training, and technical assistance to farmers. Farmers receive the latest agricultural information from extension officers who translate the research findings into practical advice that farmers can use to improve their farming practices. This flow of information helps farmers to adopt new and improved farming technologies and practices that can increase their productivity and profitability.

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Agricultural Extension

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Question 48 Report

The main aim of wildlife management is to

prevent extinction of species

rovide lots of cheap protein

generate foreign exchange through exportation of meat

reduce the population of trypanosome parasites

Answer Details

The main aim of wildlife management is to prevent the extinction of species. Wildlife management is the process of ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of wild animal populations and their habitats. The primary goal of wildlife management is to maintain healthy and stable populations of species in their natural habitats. This includes protecting endangered species and their habitats from human activities, preserving biodiversity, and promoting sustainable use of wildlife resources. The other options do not accurately describe the main aim of wildlife management. Providing cheap protein, generating foreign exchange through meat exportation, and reducing trypanosome parasites are all potential benefits of wildlife management, but they are not the primary goal. Therefore, the best option is "prevent extinction of species."

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Fisheries And Wildlife

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Question 49 Report

Which of the following is not a survey equipment?

cross staff

prismatic compass

offset poles

telescope

Answer Details

A telescope is not a survey equipment. A telescope is an optical instrument used for viewing distant objects. Cross staff, prismatic compass, and offset poles are all surveying equipment used in land surveying to make accurate measurements and collect data about the shape, contour, and size of a piece of land. The cross staff is used to measure angles, the prismatic compass is used to measure bearings, and the offset poles are used to mark points along a straight line.

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Read lesson note on Farm Surveying Equipment (WAEC)

Farm Tools And Equipment

Farm Surveying Equipment

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Question 50 Report

When different breeds of animals are mated, the process is known as

crossbreeding

in-breeding

out-breeding

line breeding

Answer Details

When different breeds of animals are mated, the process is known as crossbreeding. Crossbreeding involves the mating of two different breeds or types of animals in order to produce offspring that possess traits from both parents. This process is used to combine the desirable traits from each breed and create a new breed that is superior to its parents in terms of productivity, disease resistance, and other important traits. Crossbreeding is widely used in animal husbandry to improve the quality and quantity of meat, milk, and other animal products.

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Read lesson note on Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Animal Improvement

Major Internal Organs Of Farm Animals

Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm Animals

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Question 51 Report

Iodine is normally applied to the severed umbilical cord of a piglet so as to

supply iodine needed by the piglet for growth

reduce maturity period

prevent the entry of micro-organisms into the piglet

produce pigs without much abdominal fat

Answer Details

Iodine is applied to the severed umbilical cord of a piglet to prevent the entry of microorganisms into the piglet. The umbilical cord is the connection between the piglet and the placenta through which the piglet receives nutrients from the mother. After the piglet is born, the umbilical cord is cut, leaving an open wound that can be susceptible to infection. By applying iodine to the umbilical cord, it disinfects the area and prevents the entry of microorganisms such as bacteria into the piglet, reducing the risk of infection and disease.

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Question 52 Report

A good drought bull should not have

a deep barrel

a slopy rump

long legs

strong hooves

Answer Details

A good drought bull should not have long legs. This is because long legs increase the surface area for heat loss, making it difficult for the animal to retain body water during drought conditions. In contrast, a deep barrel is desirable as it indicates good body condition and ability to store fat reserves that can be used during periods of low feed availability. A sloping rump is also desirable as it indicates good muscle development which can help the animal in its search for water and foraging for food. Strong hooves are important for mobility over rough terrain, which is essential during drought periods when food and water sources are scarce.

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Major Internal Organs Of Farm Animals

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Question 53 Report

A plant not normally used as green manure is

mucuna utilis

sida acuta

centrosema pubescens

pueraria phaseoloides

Answer Details

Green manure refers to plants grown and then plowed under to improve soil fertility. Some plants are better suited as green manure than others. To answer the question, the plant not normally used as green manure is Sida acuta. Sida acuta is not commonly used as a green manure crop because it has a low biomass production, and it's difficult to manage due to its bushy growth habit. On the other hand, the other three options (Mucuna utilis, Centrosema pubescens, and Pueraria phaseoloides) are commonly used as green manure crops due to their high biomass production, nitrogen fixation capacity, and easy management.

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Meaning And Scope Of Agriculture

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Question 54 Report

The difference between subsidy and loan is that subsidy

is a short term credit whil loan is a long term credit

is a medium term credit while loan is short term credit

requries a colateral while a loan does not

is not refundable while a loan is refundable

Answer Details

The correct answer is: - is not refundable while a loan is refundable Subsidy and loan are both forms of financial assistance, but they differ in several ways. A subsidy is a grant or financial assistance given by the government or an organization to support a particular industry, business, or individual. Subsidies do not have to be repaid and are not considered as debt. On the other hand, a loan is a sum of money that is borrowed and must be repaid with interest. Loans often require collateral or a guarantee of repayment. The main difference between a subsidy and a loan is that a subsidy is not refundable, while a loan is.

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Question 55 Report

Which of the following insect groups readily attacks dry grains?

boring insects

biting insects

sucking insects

piercing insects

Answer Details

The insect group that readily attacks dry grains is "boring insects". Boring insects are insects that make holes or tunnels in wood, plant stems, and dry grains. They are named boring insects because they bore into the food or materials to live and reproduce. Some examples of boring insects that attack dry grains include the rice weevil, maize weevil, and lesser grain borer. These insects can cause significant damage to stored grains, making them unfit for human or animal consumption. Therefore, proper storage techniques should be employed to prevent infestation by boring insects.

Read lesson note on Crop Diseases (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power (JAMB)

Read lesson note on Types And Classification Of Farm Animals (WAEC)

Read lesson note on Common Weeds (WAEC)

Crop Diseases

Mechanization And Sources Of Farm Power

Types And Classification Of Farm Animals

Common Weeds

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Question 56 Report

When a change in price brings on change in demand, the situation is described as

perfectly inelastic

perfectly elastic

fairly inelastic

fairly elastic

Basic Economic Principles

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Question 57 Report

The function of the scraper on a disc plough is to

scrape the top soil

remove adhering soil from the disc

open the furrow

balance the plough

Answer Details

The function of the scraper on a disc plough is to remove adhering soil from the disc. As the disc plough cuts through the soil, soil particles stick to the disc due to the pressure and friction. The scraper, which is usually located behind the disc, scrapes the adhering soil off the disc, preventing it from accumulating and reducing the effectiveness of the plough. This helps to maintain the depth and width of the furrow and ensures that the plough functions optimally.

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Farm Tools And Equipment

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Question 58 Report

The plant nutrient essential for the formation of tubers is

molybdenum

phosphorus

potassium

sodium

Answer Details

The plant nutrient essential for the formation of tubers is potassium. Potassium plays a vital role in many plant processes, including the development of strong stems and roots, photosynthesis, and the movement of water and nutrients through the plant. When it comes to tuber formation, potassium helps to increase the size, quality, and number of tubers produced. A lack of potassium can result in poor tuber formation and reduced crop yields. Therefore, it is important for farmers to ensure that their potato plants have sufficient potassium throughout the growing season.

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Read lesson note on Meaning And Scope Of Agriculture (JAMB)

Soil Fertility

Meaning And Scope Of Agriculture

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Question 59 Report

Which of the following methods is used in conducting a simple farm lay-out survey?

5:3:4

4:3:3

3:4:5

3:3:4

Answer Details

A simple farm layout survey involves the measurement and mapping out of a farm into different areas or sections for proper planning and management. One method used in conducting this survey is the 3:4:5 method, also known as the Pythagorean triangle method. This involves using a tape measure to mark out a 3-meter length along one side of the area to be surveyed, then marking out a 4-meter length along the adjacent side, and finally measuring the diagonal between these two points to get a length of 5 meters. This forms a right-angled triangle with sides of 3, 4, and 5 meters, which can be used as a reference point for the layout of the farm. This method is based on the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

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Farm Surveying And Farmstead Planning

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Question 60 Report

Which of the following farming practices encourages soil degradation?

fertilizer application

bush burning

cover cropping

fungicide application

Answer Details

Bush burning is a farming practice that encourages soil degradation. When farmers burn their fields, the topsoil, which is the most fertile layer of soil, is destroyed, making it difficult for crops to grow in the future. The fire also destroys soil organisms and beneficial microbes, reducing the soil's fertility. In addition, bush burning can cause soil erosion and contribute to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is important for farmers to avoid bush burning and adopt sustainable farming practices that help maintain soil health and fertility.

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