JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018

Answer Details

Answer Details

To determine the approximate bearing of Jata from Adaba using the map, we need to look at the compass rose and use the scale provided. Looking at the compass rose, we can see that North is pointing towards the top of the map. To find the bearing of Jata from Adaba, we need to draw a straight line from Adaba to Jata on the map, and then measure the angle between this line and North using a protractor. Measuring this angle, we can see that it is approximately 21 degrees. Therefore, the bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately 21°. Note that this is an approximation since we are using a ruler and protractor on a printed map, which may not be completely accurate. Additionally, the actual bearing of Jata from Adaba may differ slightly depending on the specific route taken.

Answer Details

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

Answer Details

The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner. Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.

Answer Details

The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia. In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru. In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape. Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.

Answer Details

The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is groundnut. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is one of the main agricultural crops grown in Senegal. It is a versatile crop that can be used for food, oil, and animal feed. Groundnuts are an important source of income for many farmers in Senegal, and the country is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in Africa. The export of groundnuts is a significant source of foreign exchange for Senegal. The country exports groundnuts to various international markets, including Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to groundnuts, Senegal also exports other agricultural products such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as textiles and chemicals. However, groundnuts remain the main foreign exchange earner for the country.

Answer Details

Answer Details

Answer Details

The major mountain belts of the world were produced by a geological process known as "folding". Over millions of years, immense pressure from tectonic plates caused rocks in the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges. This process is often associated with the collision of two tectonic plates, which can create enormous forces that push and compress rocks together, causing them to fold and uplift into mountains. Unlike weathering or wind erosion, which wear down and erode mountains over time, folding is a constructive process that builds mountains up. While rivers and other natural forces can contribute to the formation of mountains, they are generally not the primary cause of major mountain belts. Instead, the formation of mountain ranges is primarily driven by the slow but powerful movements of the Earth's tectonic plates over long periods of time.

Answer Details

Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts

Answer Details

The oldest system of agriculture in Nigeria which now survives only in very remote areas is shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves cutting down a patch of forest or woodland, burning the vegetation, and planting crops in the ash-enriched soil. Farmers would use the land for a few years until the soil fertility decreases, then abandon it and move to a new area, leaving the old area to regenerate into forest or woodland. This practice was sustainable when population densities were low and farmers had access to vast areas of land. However, with the growth of population and increased pressure on land, shifting cultivation has become less sustainable, leading to soil degradation, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Today, shifting cultivation survives only in very remote areas, where population densities are still low and access to land is not restricted.

Answer Details

Answer Details

A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an "isoneph". An "isoneph" is a line on a weather map that connects points of equal cloud cover. It helps meteorologists to understand the distribution of clouds in a particular area and to forecast weather patterns. By analyzing the movement of isonephes, they can predict changes in cloud cover and the potential for precipitation.

Answer Details

Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion. When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification. Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.

Answer Details

Answer Details

The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains". Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain. Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.

Answer Details

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them

Answer Details

Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.

Answer Details

Based on the given mean climatic conditions, the station has a "Cool Temperate" climate. This is because the average temperature during the warmest month (July) is 19°C, which is below the threshold for a "Warm Temperate" or "Mediterranean" climate. Additionally, the average temperature during the coldest month (January) is -11°C, which is characteristic of a "Cool Temperate" or "Cold Temperate" climate. The amount of precipitation throughout the year is moderate, with the wettest month being July with 71mm of rainfall.

Answer Details

The environmental hazard among the given options that is not included is afforestation. Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in an area where there was no forest, or the forest has been destroyed, and it is typically seen as a positive action for the environment. On the other hand, the other three options are environmental hazards that can have negative impacts on people and the environment. Flooding, for example, can lead to property damage, displacement of people, and loss of life. Vulcanicity, which refers to the movement of magma and volcanic activity, can result in the release of toxic gases, destruction of property, and loss of life. Deforestation, which is the clearing of forests for various human activities, can cause soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.

Answer Details

Answer Details

The answer is "atmosphere". The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.

Answer Details

The annual temperature range at station Q is calculated as the difference between the highest and the lowest temperature recorded in a year. The highest temperature recorded at the station in the given table is 19°C and the lowest temperature recorded is -11°C. Hence, the annual temperature range at the station Q is 19°C - (-11°C) = 30°C. So, the answer is 30°C.

Answer Details

Cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan. Sudan is one of the largest producers of cotton in Africa and the world, and cotton farming is a major part of its agricultural economy. The country has a long history of growing cotton, with the industry dating back to the early 20th century. Cotton farming in Sudan is mainly done under irrigation due to the arid climate in most parts of the country. The irrigated areas for cotton farming are mainly found in the central and eastern regions of the country, such as the Gezira Scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation projects in the world. Cotton is a major export commodity for Sudan, and the industry employs a significant portion of the country's population. The government has made efforts to promote and support the cotton industry, with initiatives such as providing subsidies to farmers and investing in research and development to improve cotton production and quality. In summary, cotton growing under irrigation is the mainstay of the agricultural economy in Sudan, due to its favorable climate for cotton farming, long history of cotton production, and significant export earnings from the cotton industry.

Answer Details

The ocean that connects Europe and America is the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world, after the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of about 106 million square kilometers and is bordered by Europe and Africa to the east, and by North and South America to the west. The Atlantic Ocean is important for global trade, as it provides a shipping route between Europe and America, and also plays a major role in the Earth's climate system.

Answer Details

Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year. Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness. Hence, the correct answer is: - Arctic Circle

Answer Details

The river transports its load through three main processes: solution, traction, and suspension. Plucking is not a process by which a river transports its load. Solution is the process by which the river dissolves soluble minerals such as calcium and transports them in solution. Traction is the process by which larger and heavier particles such as boulders and pebbles are rolled or dragged along the riverbed. Suspension is the process by which smaller and lighter particles such as silt and clay are carried along in the flowing water. Plucking, on the other hand, is a process by which glaciers transport their load. It occurs when the glacier freezes onto rocks and then plucks them out as the glacier moves. This process is not applicable to rivers as they do not have the capability to freeze onto rocks and pluck them out.

Answer Details

The innermost section of the Earth is the core. The Earth's core is the central part of our planet, located beneath the mantle. It is composed primarily of iron and nickel, and is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core. The inner core is a solid, dense ball of metal that is about the size of the Moon. The core plays a crucial role in the Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect our planet from harmful solar radiation. The core also generates the heat that drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding the properties and behavior of the Earth's core is an important area of research in the field of geophysics.

Answer Details

Time at GMT is 11am, 150 = 1 hour, 750 gives us 5 hours

  The West looses, therefore

  11am - 5hours = 6:00am.

  Option D is the right answer, all other options are wrong

Answer Details

Lines joining places with the same mean annual rainfall are called isohyets. Isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall in a year. The word "isohyet" comes from the Greek words "iso" meaning "equal" and "hyetos" meaning "rain". These lines help us understand the patterns and distribution of rainfall over a certain area, and can be useful for various purposes such as agriculture, water management, and meteorology.

Answer Details

The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement. Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement. An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.

Answer Details

Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.

Answer Details

Answer Details

The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn." While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies. In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.

Answer Details

Among the options given, Cuba has the least potential for the production of steel. Cuba is a small island country in the Caribbean with a limited supply of natural resources, including iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for steel production. Cuba's iron reserves are low-quality and require significant processing to be suitable for steelmaking. Additionally, Cuba has limited access to modern steelmaking technology and expertise, which further restricts its potential for steel production. On the other hand, India, Japan, and Germany have significant potential for steel production. India is one of the world's largest producers of steel, with abundant iron ore reserves and a highly skilled workforce. Japan and Germany are also major players in the global steel industry, with advanced technology and ample access to raw materials.

Answer Details

Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum. While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.

Answer Details

The organic components of the soil include microorganisms, humus, and animal remains. The correct answer, therefore, is "rock pedestal." Rock pedestal, also known as bedrock, is a non-organic component of the soil. It is the solid, underlying layer of rock that makes up the Earth's crust. Bedrock does not contain any organic material, and it does not contribute to the fertility of the soil. On the other hand, the organic components of soil are essential for healthy plant growth. Microorganisms break down organic matter into nutrients that plants can absorb, while humus provides a rich source of nutrients for plant growth. Animal remains, such as dead insects or animal waste, can also provide organic material for the soil. In summary, while microorganisms, humus, and animal remains are all examples of organic components of soil, rock pedestal is a non-organic component and does not contribute to the fertility of the soil.

Answer Details

The commonwealth of nations, known as commonwealth is an inter governmental organisation of 53 member States that are mostly former territories of the British empire

Answer Details

Wind is the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction

Answer Details

A mercury barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of air molecules in the atmosphere. It is an important parameter that affects weather patterns and other natural phenomena. A mercury barometer consists of a long glass tube filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury. The mercury in the tube rises or falls depending on the atmospheric pressure. When the atmospheric pressure is high, the weight of the air above the barometer pushes down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, forcing the mercury in the tube to rise. Conversely, when the atmospheric pressure is low, the weight of the air above the barometer is less, and the mercury in the tube falls. By measuring the height of the mercury column in the tube, the atmospheric pressure can be determined. The standard unit of atmospheric pressure is the Pascal (Pa), but barometric pressure is often measured in units of millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or inches of mercury (inHg). In summary, a mercury barometer is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure by observing the height of a column of mercury in a glass tube.