(a) Explain the term Native Authority. (b) State four defects of the Indirect Rule system.

(a) Meaning of Native Authority

A Native Authority was a local governing body under the Indirect Rule system in British West Africa, made up of a traditional ruler or chief (or a council of chiefs) recognised and appointed by the colonial government to administer a defined area on its behalf. The Native Authority collected taxes, maintained law and order, ran native courts and a native treasury, and carried out other local functions under the supervision of a British Resident or District Officer.

(b) Defects of the Indirect Rule system

1. It made chiefs autocratic: Backed by colonial power, many chiefs abused their authority and oppressed the people.
2. It excluded the educated elite: Western-educated Africans were denied a role in governance, breeding resentment.
3. It failed in stateless societies: In areas without centralised chiefs, such as Igboland, artificial "warrant chiefs" were imposed and rejected by the people, leading to unrest such as the Aba Women's Riot of 1929.
4. It retarded political development: It preserved outdated traditional structures and slowed the growth of modern democratic institutions.