(a) explain decentralization. (b) State four advantages of decentralization.

(a) Explanation of decentralisation

Decentralisation is the process of transferring or sharing political and administrative powers, functions and responsibilities from the central government to lower or subordinate levels of government, such as regional, state or local governments, so that decisions can be taken and services delivered nearer to the people. It is the opposite of centralisation, and its common forms include federalism, devolution and local government administration.

(b) Advantages of decentralisation

1. It brings government closer to the people: Services and decision-making are located nearer to the grassroots, meeting local needs better.
2. It promotes popular participation: Citizens are able to take part in the administration of their own affairs.
3. It reduces the workload of the central government: Routine matters are handled locally, freeing the centre to concentrate on national issues.
4. It ensures quick decision-making: Local authorities respond faster to local problems without waiting for the centre.
5. It encourages even development: Resources and projects can be spread across the various units of the country.
6. It serves as training ground for leadership: Local administration prepares people for higher political responsibility.