Write explanatory notes on drought under the following: (a) causes; (b) effects; (c) control.
Question 1 Report
Write explanatory notes on drought under the following:
(a) causes; (b) effects; (c) control.
Answer Details
Explanatory notes on drought
Drought is a long period of abnormally low or no rainfall which causes a serious shortage of water for people, plants and animals.
(a) Causes
- Prolonged failure or lateness of the rains and general low, unreliable rainfall.
- Deforestation and removal of vegetation, which reduce local moisture and rainfall.
- Southward advance of dry desert conditions (desertification) and dry, dust-laden winds such as the harmattan.
- Climatic change and shifting of the rain-belts, and over-grazing/over-cultivation that dry out the land.
(b) Effects
- Crop failure, famine and food shortage.
- Death of livestock and wild animals from lack of water and pasture.
- Drying up of rivers, wells and reservoirs, causing acute water shortage.
- Migration of people and animals, and outbreaks of disease and poverty.
(c) Control
- Afforestation and reforestation to check desert advance and improve local rainfall.
- Building of dams, boreholes and irrigation schemes to store and provide water.
- Practising good land management (avoiding over-grazing and over-cultivation) and planting drought-resistant crops.
- Providing relief materials and early-warning weather forecasting to affected people.
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