SECTION D: NON-AFRICAN POETRY How does the boy justify his reluctance to go to school?

The poem is William Blake's "The Schoolboy," in which a child protests against the confinement of formal schooling. The boy justifies his reluctance to go to school by contrasting the joy of nature and freedom with the misery of the classroom, and by arguing that compulsion destroys the natural delight of learning and growth.

• The joy of a summer morning is spoilt. The boy loves to rise on a summer morning when the birds sing and the huntsman's horn sounds. Being driven to school on such a morning "drives all joy away," so he resents exchanging natural happiness for dull confinement.
• The classroom is a place of fear and tedium. He describes sitting in school "in sighing and dismay," under the "cruel eye" of a stern teacher. Learning offered under fear and boredom becomes a weariness rather than a pleasure.
• He likens himself to a caged bird. The boy compares a child shut in school to a bird put in a cage, asking how a creature born for freedom can sing when imprisoned. Confinement, he argues, silences the natural song of the young.
• Forced learning kills natural growth. Using images from nature, he asks how buds nipped and blossoms blown off in spring can ripen into fruit, or how a plant stripped of its joy can flourish. In the same way, a child robbed of freedom cannot grow into a happy, fruitful adult.

Conclusion. The boy justifies his reluctance by insisting that true learning should grow out of freedom and delight, not fear and imprisonment. Blake uses the child's protest to criticise a rigid education that crushes the spontaneity and joy of childhood, arguing that what is learned under compulsion withers rather than blooms.