(a) What is Nationalization? (b) Explain three rea-sons why government nationalizes some businesses. (c) State four disadvantages of nationalization.

(a) What is Nationalization?

Nationalization is the transfer of ownership and control of a privately owned business or industry to the government or the state. The government takes over the enterprise and runs it as a public corporation in the interest of the whole nation.

(b) Three reasons why government nationalizes some businesses

1. To control essential services: Government takes over vital utilities such as water, electricity and railways to ensure steady and affordable supply to all citizens.
2. To prevent private monopoly and exploitation: Nationalisation stops private firms from charging exploitative prices for essential goods and services.
3. For security and public interest: Strategic industries such as defence and communications are taken over to protect national security and serve the public good rather than private profit.

(c) Four disadvantages of nationalization

1. Inefficiency and waste: Absence of the profit motive and competition often leads to poor management, low productivity and waste of resources.
2. Heavy financial burden: The government may spend huge public funds to buy over and subsidise loss-making enterprises.
3. Bureaucracy and delay: Excessive government control and red tape slow down decision making.
4. Political interference: Appointments and decisions may be influenced by politics rather than sound business judgement, and it can breed corruption.