Explain the following and give three benefits of each: (a) branding (b) after sales service (c) self-service (d) vending machine

Explanation and three benefits of each

(a) Branding

Branding is the use of a distinctive name, symbol or design to identify a product and distinguish it from those of competitors.

• It helps consumers to identify and choose the product easily.
• It assures buyers of a consistent standard of quality.
• It builds customer loyalty and repeat sales for the producer.

(b) After-sales service

This is the service, such as repairs, maintenance, installation and free servicing, given to a customer by a seller after a product has been bought.

• It gives the buyer confidence and satisfaction with the purchase.
• It creates goodwill and encourages repeat patronage.
• It reduces the customer's cost and worry of maintenance.

(c) Self-service

This is a method of retailing in which customers pick the goods they want from open shelves and pay at a checkout point without the help of a shop attendant.

• It saves time and allows quick service to many customers.
• It reduces wage costs, so goods can be sold more cheaply.
• It allows customers freedom to examine and compare goods before buying.

(d) Vending machine

This is an automatic coin or card operated machine that dispenses goods such as drinks, snacks or tickets when payment is inserted.

• It provides service at all hours without an attendant.
• It saves labour cost and offers goods at convenient locations.
• It gives quick, self-service purchase with no queuing.