Fig. 1 is a sketch from an offshore survey near the Makran coast. The vessel has detected structures that may trap oil or natural gas beneath impermeable ro...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 is a sketch from an offshore survey near the Makran coast. The vessel has detected structures that may trap oil or natural gas beneath impermeable rock. Pakistan imports much of its fuel, so geologists are examining whether careful exploration could improve energy security and reduce pressure on foreign trade.
(a) Identify the rock layer labelled X. [1]
(b) Describe where oil or gas would collect in the structure shown. [1]
(c) Explain two possible economic advantages of finding a commercial gas field. [2]
(d) Explain two risks that must be managed during offshore extraction. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Impermeable cap rock [1] (b) At the crest of the fold, beneath the impermeable layer, with gas above oil [1] (c) Any two: lowers fuel imports and improves balance of payments [1]; supplies energy to homes and industry [1]; creates skilled employment and tax revenue [1]; can support petrochemical/fertiliser industries [1]. [2] (d) Any two: spills/leaks can harm marine ecosystems and fisheries [1]; storms or equipment failure can damage platforms/pipelines [1]; drilling may disturb seabed habitats [1]; gas is flammable, creating fire/explosion hazards [1]. [2]
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