At Thar, a geological survey investigates a coal seam beneath sandy ground and scattered grazing land. Fig. 1 shows the borehole log and a proposed open-cas...
Question 1 Report
At Thar, a geological survey investigates a coal seam beneath sandy ground and scattered grazing land. Fig. 1 shows the borehole log and a proposed open-cast pit. Officials argue that the resource could strengthen Pakistan’s energy supply, while local people ask about water, dust and land loss.
(a) Identify the fossil fuel labelled X. [1]
(b) Describe one reason why an open-cast mine is possible at this site. [1]
(c) Analyse two benefits of using this resource for Pakistan’s energy development. [2]
(d) Explain two environmental problems caused by its extraction or use. [2]
Answer Details
(a) Coal/lignite [1] (b) The seam is close enough to the surface to remove overburden economically [1] (c) Any two: domestic fuel reduces dependence on imported energy [1]; can provide more reliable electricity for industry and homes [1]; mining and power generation create employment [1]; supports associated infrastructure and local development [1]. [2] (d) Any two: dust/noise damages local air quality and health [1]; land and habitats are removed [1]; groundwater may be depleted or polluted [1]; burning coal releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants [1]. [2]
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