Fig. 1 shows an oil export terminal in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Pipelines carry crude oil from wells through mangrove wetlands to tankers. The national gov...
Question 1 Report
Fig. 1 shows an oil export terminal in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Pipelines carry crude oil from wells through mangrove wetlands to tankers. The national government receives export income, but a fishing settlement beside the pipeline reports declining catches after several leaks. This case study shows how a valuable global resource can bring both national wealth and local costs.
Identify the transport method used to move crude oil across the wetlands. [1]
Identify two ways oil exports can increase national development. [2]
Identify one likely impact of an oil leak on the fishing settlement. [1]
Identify two reasons why conflict may develop between an oil company and local residents. [2]
Answer Details
Labelled answer diagram:
(a) Crude oil is moved across the wetlands by pipeline. [1]
(b) Oil exports can increase national development by:
- providing tax or royalty revenue to government;
- earning foreign currency, which can help pay for imports or national investment.
The revenue may fund infrastructure, health or education; jobs and related investment are also valid. [2]
(c) An oil leak can reduce fish stocks and fishing income, because oil pollutes wetland and river habitats. Polluted water affecting health is also acceptable. [1]
(d) Conflict may arise because:
- pollution damages local livelihoods, especially fishing;
- residents may feel they receive too little compensation or too little of the oil wealth.
Restricted land access and poor communication or trust are further valid reasons. [2]
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