(a) Define national development. (b) Explain four ways in which corruption has retarded the development of the Nigerian State.

Answer Details

(a) Definition of national development

National development is the process by which a country improves the social, economic and political well-being of its citizens through steady advancement in its socio-political organisation and the provision of amenities such as quality education, good roads, medical facilities and other social infrastructure, leading to a higher standard of living and greater self-reliance.

(b) Four ways in which corruption has retarded the development of the Nigerian State

1. It discourages investment: Corruption drives away both local and foreign investors, so fewer industries and jobs are created and the economy grows slowly.
2. It diverts public funds: Money meant for government agencies and projects such as roads, schools and hospitals becomes a source of private wealth for those in charge, so essential infrastructure and services are not provided.
3. It destroys the moral values of society: Corruption rewards fraudulent people while honest, dedicated workers are punished, thereby destroying honesty and integrity in the nation.
4. It tarnishes the nation's image: Corruption damages Nigeria's reputation both locally and internationally, weakens national consciousness and erodes citizens' sense of commitment to the collective future.