(a) List three major countries outside Africa that trade with Nigeria (b) Choose any one of these countries and name: (i) three major products which Nigeria...

(a) Three major countries outside Africa that trade with Nigeria

• China, the United States of America, and India. (Others: United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, Japan.)

(b) Chosen country: China

(i) Three major products Nigeria exports to China:

• Crude petroleum (oil), liquefied natural gas, and agricultural products such as sesame seeds/cocoa (also solid minerals).

(ii) Three major products Nigeria imports from China:

• Machinery and equipment, electronics and vehicles, and manufactured goods such as textiles and household products.

(c) Two factors responsible for the present pattern of trade

• Difference in level of industrialisation: China is highly industrialised and produces manufactured goods cheaply, while Nigeria is less industrialised and relies on selling raw materials, so Nigeria exports primary products and imports manufactures.
• Nigeria's oil wealth and China's demand for raw materials/energy: China needs energy and raw materials for its industries, and Nigeria has abundant crude oil to sell, so oil dominates Nigeria's exports while it buys finished goods in return.

(d) Two effects of this pattern of trade on Nigeria's economy

• Unfavourable balance of trade / dependence: Nigeria often imports more (and higher-value) manufactured goods than the value it earns, and depends heavily on a single export (oil), so its economy is vulnerable to falling oil prices.
• Weak local industry and loss of jobs: Cheap imported manufactures undersell Nigerian products, discouraging local industry and reducing employment, while the sale of unprocessed raw materials means less value-addition and fewer jobs at home.

(Any listed country may be chosen; products and factors should match that country.)