Discuss any four ways in which man has interfered with his natural environment.

Four ways man has interfered with his natural environment

• Deforestation: Clearing of forests for farmland, timber, fuelwood and settlement destroys natural vegetation and wildlife habitats. This exposes the soil, leading to erosion, loss of fertility, reduced rainfall and desertification.
• Farming and overgrazing: Bush burning, continuous cultivation and keeping too many animals on the land strip off the plant cover and exhaust the soil, encouraging gully erosion and, in dry areas, the spread of the desert.
• Mining and quarrying: Digging for minerals, sand and stone destroys the land surface, leaves pits and heaps of waste, pollutes rivers with silt and chemicals, and damages farmland and scenery.
• Industrialisation and urbanisation: Building of factories, roads and towns covers the land with concrete, and the release of smoke, fumes, sewage and industrial waste pollutes the air, water and soil.
• Construction of dams and reclamation: Damming rivers and draining or filling swamps and coastlines alters natural drainage, displaces people and wildlife, and changes local climate and ecology.

Any four, well explained, are acceptable; the key point is that each activity changes the natural balance of vegetation, soil, water or air, often with harmful long-term effects.