The examples given - stout, ale, lager, and porter - are all types of beer.
Beer is an alcoholic drink made by fermenting grains such as barley or wheat. The fermentation process creates alcohol and carbon dioxide, which gives the beer its characteristic fizzy texture.
Different types of beer can be distinguished by the type of yeast used, the specific grains used, and the brewing process. For example, stouts are dark, rich beers made from roasted barley, while lagers are lighter and crisper, brewed at colder temperatures than ales. Porters are similar to stouts but are often less rich and have a lower alcohol content.
Liquor and liqueur are different from beer. Liquor refers to distilled alcoholic drinks like whiskey or vodka, while liqueur refers to sweet, flavored alcoholic drinks like Kahlua or Bailey's. Spirits are another term used to refer to distilled alcoholic drinks.