a (i) Define an operating system. (ii) State two functions of an operating system (iii) List two differences between an operating system and application sys...

This question tests your understanding of the operating system as system software and how it differs from application software, plus the practical steps for password-protecting a document.

(a)(i) Definition of an operating system

An operating system (OS) is the system software that manages the computer's hardware and software resources and provides a platform (an interface and set of services) on which application programs can run. Examples are Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

(a)(ii) Two functions of an operating system

• Memory management: it allocates and frees memory (RAM) for running programs.
• Process/CPU management: it schedules and controls the execution of programs, deciding which task uses the processor and when.

(Other acceptable functions: file management, device/input-output management, providing a user interface, security and access control.)

(a)(iii) Two differences between an operating system and application software

(A third valid difference: the OS is general-purpose infrastructure, while application software is designed for a particular user task.)

(b) Steps to password a document from the Save As dialogue box (word processor)

1. With the document open, click File then Save As to open the Save As dialogue box.
2. Choose the folder/location and type a file name.
3. Click the Tools button (near the Save button) and select General Options.
4. In the Password to open box, type the password you want.
5. (Optionally type a Password to modify as well.)
6. Click OK; when asked, re-type the password to confirm it, then click OK.
7. Click Save to store the document with password protection.

Examination reminder: the key distinction to state is that the operating system controls the hardware and must be present for the computer to function, whereas application software runs on top of it to do a user's specific job.