(a) Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations in the table below. (b) State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledo...
Question 1 Report
(a) Name five vertebrae in mammals with their corresponding locations in the table below.
(b) State one function each of the following parts in a dicotyledonous leaf: (i) palisade; (ii) vascular bundle; (iii) epidermis.
(c)State one function each of the following parts in the stem of a flowering plant: (i) sieve tube; (ii) cortex; (iii) pith.
(d) In a tabular form, state:
(i) two external structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding.
(ii) two internal structural differences between the stem and root of a maize seeding
Answer Details
(a) Five vertebrae in mammals and their locations
| Vertebra | Location in the body |
|---|---|
| Cervical vertebrae | Neck region |
| Thoracic vertebrae | Thorax (chest), articulating with the ribs |
| Lumbar vertebrae | Lower back (abdominal region) |
| Sacral vertebrae | Hip (pelvic) region |
| Caudal (coccygeal) vertebrae | Tail region / base of the spine |
(b) One function each in a dicotyledonous leaf
- (i) Palisade: contains many chloroplasts and carries out most of the photosynthesis.
- (ii) Vascular bundle (vein): conducts water and mineral salts to the leaf (xylem) and food away from it (phloem), and supports the leaf.
- (iii) Epidermis: protects the inner tissues and (with its cuticle) reduces water loss.
(c) One function each in the stem of a flowering plant
- (i) Sieve tube: conducts (translocates) manufactured food such as sugars through the plant.
- (ii) Cortex: stores food and water and gives support to the stem.
- (iii) Pith: stores food and water in the centre of the stem.
(d) Stem versus root of a maize (monocot) seedling
(i) Two external structural differences
| Stem | Root |
|---|---|
| Bears leaves, buds and nodes | Bears no leaves or buds; has no nodes |
| Grows upward (negatively geotropic); usually green | Grows downward (positively geotropic); bears root hairs and a root cap |
(ii) Two internal structural differences
| Stem | Root |
|---|---|
| Vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue | Vascular tissue arranged as a central core (stele) |
| Xylem and phloem on the same radius (in each bundle) | Xylem and phloem on separate (alternate) radii |
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