Explain the following terms: (a) tensile stress; (b)Young’s modulus
Question 1 Report
Explain the following terms:
(a) tensile stress;
(b)Young’s modulus
Answer Details
(a) Tensile stress
Tensile stress is the stretching force acting per unit cross-sectional area of a material when it is subjected to a pull along its length.
\[ \text{Tensile stress} = \frac{\text{Force (tension)}}{\text{Cross-sectional area}} = \frac{F}{A} \]Its S.I. unit is the pascal (\(\text{Pa}\)) or \(\text{N m}^{-2}\).
(b) Young's modulus
Young's modulus (the modulus of elasticity) is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain for a material, within the limit of proportionality (the region where Hooke's law holds).
\[ E = \frac{\text{tensile stress}}{\text{tensile strain}} = \frac{F/A}{e/l} = \frac{Fl}{Ae} \]where \(F\) is the stretching force, \(A\) the cross-sectional area, \(l\) the original length and \(e\) the extension. Its S.I. unit is the pascal (\(\text{Pa}\)) or \(\text{N m}^{-2}\). A large value of \(E\) indicates a stiff material that is difficult to stretch.
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