(a)(i) What is marketing? (ii) Outline six functions of marketing. (b) List and explain four marketing concepts.

(a)

(i) Marketing is the process of identifying and satisfying the needs and wants of customers through the creation, promotion, distribution, and pricing of goods and services.

(ii) Six functions of marketing are:

1. Market research: Collecting and analyzing data about customers, competitors, and market trends to identify opportunities and challenges.
2. Product development: Creating and improving products or services that meet the needs and wants of customers.
3. Promotion: Communicating with customers through advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and public relations to create awareness and generate demand for products and services.
4. Distribution: Delivering products and services to customers through channels such as retail stores, online marketplaces, and direct sales.
5. Pricing: Setting prices that are competitive and profitable based on factors such as production costs, competition, and customer demand.
6. Selling: Convincing customers to buy products or services through personal selling, sales promotions, and other tactics.

(b)

Four marketing concepts are:

1. Production concept: This concept assumes that customers will favor products that are available and affordable. Therefore, the focus is on maximizing production efficiency and reducing costs to offer products at lower prices.
2. Product concept: This concept assumes that customers will favor products that offer the highest quality, performance, or innovative features. Therefore, the focus is on designing and developing superior products.
3. Selling concept: This concept assumes that customers will not buy enough of the products unless they are persuaded to do so through aggressive selling and promotion. Therefore, the focus is on creating high sales volume through advertising and other promotional activities.
4. Marketing concept: This concept assumes that the key to achieving organizational goals is to meet the needs and wants of customers. Therefore, the focus is on understanding customer needs and wants, and then delivering superior value through a combination of product quality, service, and price.