(a) Define each of the following terms as used in animal health: (1) pests (ii) pathogen (iii) vectors (iv) parasites [8 marks] (b) Give one example of an o...
Question 1 Report
(a) Define each of the following terms as used in animal health: (1) pests (ii) pathogen (iii) vectors (iv) parasites [8 marks]
(b) Give one example of an organism described by each of the terms in 7(a) above. [14 marks]
(c) State four steps involved in silage making. [4 marks]
Answer Details
(a) Definitions and (b) one example of each
| Term | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| (i) Pest | Any organism (animal) that attacks, damages or destroys crops or livestock and causes economic loss to the farmer | Grasshopper (rat, bird) |
| (ii) Pathogen | A micro-organism that causes disease in plants or animals | Bacterium such as Salmonella (a virus, fungus or protozoan) |
| (iii) Vector | An organism that carries and transmits a disease-causing pathogen from a diseased host to a healthy one | Tsetse fly (mosquito, aphid) |
| (iv) Parasite | An organism that lives in or on another living organism (the host), feeding on it and causing it harm | Tapeworm (roundworm, tick, liver fluke) |
(c) Four steps involved in silage making
- Harvesting/cutting: cut the green forage (grass or legume) at the right stage of growth.
- Chopping and filling: chop the forage into small pieces and pack it into the silo, compressing it firmly to drive out air.
- Sealing/compaction: cover and seal the silo air-tight so that anaerobic fermentation (souring) can take place.
- Storage/curing: leave the sealed material to ferment and cure for some weeks until it becomes silage ready for feeding.
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