JAMB UTME - Government - 2022

Awọn alaye Idahun

Awọn alaye Idahun

One of the reasons advanced for the overthrow of the Gowon Regime was its failure to honour the promise to hand over power.

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A policy formulated to guide relations with other nations is called foreign policy. Foreign policy refers to a set of principles, strategies, and actions that a country adopts to safeguard its national interests, promote its values, and manage its relations with other countries. Foreign policy is an essential aspect of a country's international relations because it allows a country to navigate the complex global landscape, build alliances, and influence other countries. It covers various areas, such as economic cooperation, security and defense, diplomacy, humanitarian aid, and cultural exchanges. A country's foreign policy is usually formulated by its government and is influenced by factors such as its geography, history, culture, ideology, and economic interests. It is also subject to change depending on the country's changing priorities, relationships with other countries, and global events. Overall, foreign policy is a crucial tool for a country to promote its interests and values in the international community and to advance its national goals.

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The ultimate goal of nationalists was to secure political independence for their countries. Nationalists sought to end colonial rule and establish self-governance for their people. This meant that they wanted their countries to be free from the control of European colonial powers and to be able to make their own decisions about how to govern themselves and manage their resources. While some nationalists also sought to promote African unity and education, their primary focus was on achieving independence and ending colonialism.

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During the Babangida regime in Nigeria, the highest body that performed legislative functions was the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC). This council was composed of high-ranking military officers who made major decisions regarding governance, legislation, and policies in the country. It was the supreme decision-making body during the Babangida regime and had the power to pass laws and make important policy decisions for the country. The Council of Ministers, on the other hand, was responsible for implementing these policies and decisions made by the AFRC.

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The system of government where a single person or a group has unlimited power is called autocracy. In this type of government, the ruler(s) can make laws and decisions without any checks or balances from other branches or individuals. This means that the ruler(s) can do whatever they want, without needing approval or input from anyone else. Examples of autocratic systems include absolute monarchies and dictatorships.

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Under the independence constitution of Nigeria, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe was the Governor General.

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The oldest written constitution that is still in effect today is generally considered to be the Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787. While there were written constitutions before the US Constitution, they were not as comprehensive and did not have the same lasting impact. For example, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which was adopted in 1780, is considered to be the oldest written constitution of a state in the world, but it has been amended many times since its adoption and has been superseded by the US Constitution in many respects.

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A major consequence of the privatization exercise in Nigeria is the mass retrenchment of labour. Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership and control of government-owned enterprises to private individuals or companies. In Nigeria, the privatization exercise began in the 1980s but was intensified in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with the aim of improving the efficiency and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises. However, one of the consequences of the privatization exercise was the mass retrenchment of workers in the affected enterprises. This was because the new owners of the privatized companies often saw the need to cut costs and improve efficiency, and one way to do this was to reduce the workforce. The retrenchment exercise affected thousands of workers in various sectors, including telecommunications, banking, and manufacturing. This led to a significant increase in the rate of unemployment in the country and a decline in the standard of living for many families. While privatization may have some benefits, such as improving the efficiency of state-owned enterprises, it is important to consider the social consequences, such as the impact on workers and their families, and to put measures in place to mitigate these consequences.

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The legislative items that are constitutionally reserved for only the central government in a federal system of government fall under the "exclusive" list. This means that only the central or federal government has the authority to make laws and regulations on these specific topics. The exclusive list typically includes areas such as national security, foreign affairs, and currency. In contrast, concurrent and residual lists refer to areas where both the central and state governments can make laws, and the residual list refers to areas where the state government has the authority to make laws if the central government has not already done so.

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A recurring principal objective of Nigerian foreign policy is promoting world peace with justice. Nigeria's foreign policy is centered on the promotion of peace and security in Africa and the world at large. Nigeria seeks to maintain good diplomatic relationships with other countries and organizations around the world, and to actively participate in international efforts to promote peace and stability. Nigeria has played a significant role in peacekeeping missions around the world, especially in Africa. The country has also been active in resolving conflicts and promoting peace in various African countries, such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Sudan. In summary, the key objective of Nigerian foreign policy is to contribute to global peace and security, and to promote justice and fairness in international relations.

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The Secretary General of the League of Nations was Joseph Avenol. The League of Nations was an international organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among nations. It was in existence from 1920 to 1946. Joseph Avenol was the Secretary General of the League of Nations from 1933 to 1940. He was responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the organization and working to achieve its goals.

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The highest authority in the Yoruba pre-colonial era was the Oba. The Oba was the king and ruler of a Yoruba kingdom. He was considered to be divine and had supreme authority over the people. He was responsible for maintaining law and order, settling disputes, protecting his people, and promoting their welfare. The Oba was assisted by a council of chiefs and advisors who helped him to govern the kingdom. The Oba was also responsible for religious and spiritual matters and was considered to be the intermediary between the people and the gods. Overall, the Oba was the most important and powerful figure in Yoruba society.

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The political system built around land ownership is called feudalism. In feudalism, the king or ruler granted land to lords, who in turn granted smaller pieces of land to vassals or peasants. The vassals were bound to serve their lords and provide them with military service, while the lords provided them with protection and a place to live. This system was prevalent in medieval Europe and was characterized by a rigid social hierarchy based on land ownership and military service.

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A constitution that requires specific statutory procedures for amendment is said to be "rigid". A rigid constitution is one that is difficult to amend or change. In such a constitution, there are specific procedures and requirements that must be followed in order to make changes to the document. The idea behind a rigid constitution is to ensure that the document is not easily altered or manipulated by those in power. This helps to provide a measure of stability and predictability in the governance of a country. However, it can also make it difficult to make necessary changes to the constitution in response to changing circumstances or the will of the people. In contrast, a flexible constitution is one that can be easily amended or changed through ordinary legislative procedures. This type of constitution allows for greater flexibility and adaptability in the governance of a country, but it can also make the document more vulnerable to political manipulation or abuse. Overall, the choice between a rigid or flexible constitution is a matter of balancing stability and predictability with adaptability and responsiveness to changing circumstances.

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The oversight function is performed by the legislature. This means that the responsibility for checking and monitoring the actions of the executive branch of government, such as the President or Prime Minister, is the duty of the legislative branch, which is typically composed of elected representatives. The oversight function helps to ensure that the executive branch is acting in accordance with the law and in the best interests of the citizens. This includes monitoring the allocation of funds, the implementation of policies, and the conduct of government officials. The legislative branch can use a variety of tools to carry out its oversight function, including holding hearings, conducting investigations, and requesting information and reports from the executive branch. Ultimately, the oversight function serves as a crucial check and balance on the power of the executive branch, helping to maintain the democratic principles of transparency and accountability.

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Nigeria participated in the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) peacekeeping operations in Liberia and Sierra Leone.

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The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that aims to promote social and economic justice by advancing the rights of individuals in the world of work. This includes safeguarding the rights of workers, promoting decent working conditions, and providing assistance in times of emergencies. The ILO also works to coordinate the activities of organized agencies, both within the UN system and beyond, to ensure that its goals are effectively achieved.

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The two leaders that played the most prominent roles in the formation of ECOWAS were: - Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo - Yakubu Gowon of Nigeria Therefore, the correct answer is: Gowon and Eyadema.

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One of the features of the rule of law is that the accused must receive a fair hearing. This means that anyone who is accused of a crime has the right to a fair trial, which includes the right to present evidence and argue their case before an impartial judge or jury. The accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and it is the responsibility of the prosecution to prove the accused's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The rule of law ensures that all individuals, including the accused, are subject to the same set of laws and are entitled to the same legal protections.

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A unitary system of government is a system where power is centralized and the national government holds most of the governing power. In such a system, the national government has the authority to delegate powers to local or regional governments, but it can also withdraw them if necessary. Regarding which type of state is best suited for a unitary system of government, a homogeneous state is often considered the best fit. This is because a homogeneous state is one in which the population shares a common language, culture, and identity. In such a state, there is often greater unity and less likelihood of conflict between different groups or regions. In a multi-party state, where different political parties have varying levels of power and influence, a unitary system of government may lead to a concentration of power in the hands of the ruling party, which could potentially lead to political instability and conflict. In a heterogeneous state, where different regions or ethnic groups have distinct identities and cultures, a unitary system of government could lead to tension between the national government and local or regional governments. This tension could arise from the national government's attempts to impose policies and regulations that do not reflect the needs or preferences of certain regions or groups. Finally, the type of legislature (unicameral or bicameral) is not a determining factor in whether a unitary system of government is best applicable. The decision to have a unicameral or bicameral legislature is a separate issue that is not directly related to the unitary system of government.

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The process of pressure groups trying to influence legislation is known as lobbying. Lobbying refers to the act of attempting to influence decisions made by government, typically by private interest groups, corporations, or individuals. These groups may lobby for a specific cause or issue and attempt to sway the opinions of lawmakers and government officials. The goal of lobbying is to affect the creation, modification, or defeat of laws and policies that impact the group's interests. Lobbying can take many forms, such as direct communication with lawmakers, grassroots campaigns, and advertising. The overall aim of lobbying is to advocate for specific interests and bring about change through the political process.

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The French colonial policy aimed at changing Africans into French men was the policy of "assimilation". This policy aimed to make the colonial subjects, in this case the Africans, adopt French culture and values and become fully integrated into French society. The idea was that the Africans would become "French" in every aspect, including language, religion, customs, and laws. The goal was to create a sense of unity and common identity between the colonial subjects and the colonial power, and to establish a strong French presence in the colonies. The policy of assimilation was implemented in various forms throughout the French colonial empire and had a lasting impact on the cultures and identities of the people who lived under French rule.

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Nigeria is a major financier of the African Development Bank (AfDB). The African Development Bank is a regional development bank that provides financing and other forms of support to African countries. It was established in 1964 and has its headquarters in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The AfDB is dedicated to promoting economic and social development in Africa and reducing poverty on the continent. Nigeria is one of the founding members of the AfDB and has been a significant contributor to the bank's resources since its inception. As of 2021, Nigeria is the AfDB's largest shareholder, with a 9.3% stake in the bank. This means that Nigeria has a significant say in the bank's decision-making processes, including the allocation of funds for development projects in Africa. While Nigeria is also a member of other international organizations like the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the United Nations Organization (UNO), and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), it is not a major financier of these organizations in the same way that it is of the AfDB.

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The major demand of the Third World countries on the United Nations in recent times is the expansion of the permanent membership of the Security Council.

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Africa became the centerpiece of Nigeria's foreign policy under the regime of Murtala Muhammed.

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During the Second Republic in Nigeria, the branch of the legislature responsible for ratifying presidential nominees for appointments was the Senate.

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One of the functions of political parties is to aggregate interest. Political parties are organizations that represent the views and interests of their members and supporters. They bring together people with similar political beliefs and aims, and help to articulate their shared concerns and priorities. By aggregating interest, political parties provide a means for citizens to participate in the political process, and to express their preferences and opinions through democratic channels. While political parties may influence the making of laws and the interpretation of the constitution, they do not have the legal authority to declare a state of emergency.