JAMB UTME - Geography - 2021

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The option that does not apply to the benefits of international trade to developing nations among those provided is "strains international trade relation". International trade has numerous benefits for developing nations, which include the following: 1. Encourages specialization in production: International trade allows developing nations to focus on producing goods and services that they have a comparative advantage in, such as natural resources or low-cost labor. This specialization leads to increased efficiency and productivity, which can result in higher economic growth and development. 2. Encourages healthy competition: International trade encourages healthy competition between nations, which drives innovation and technological advancements. Developing nations can learn from more developed nations and adopt best practices to improve their own production processes. 3. Enables nations to move from subsistence to mechanized economy: International trade provides access to capital, technology, and expertise that can help developing nations to modernize their economy and move away from subsistence farming or other traditional practices. Therefore, the correct option is that international trade does not strain international trade relations, but rather it can promote cooperation and collaboration between nations, leading to increased economic growth and development.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The correct full meaning of GIS is Geographic Information System. GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present spatial or geographical data. It combines hardware, software, and data to create digital maps that can be used to analyze and visualize information related to geographic locations. GIS technology is used in a wide range of applications such as urban planning, natural resource management, emergency response, and many others. In summary, GIS stands for Geographic Information System and it is a system used to capture, store, analyze, and present spatial data related to geographic locations.

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The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to introduce forest conservation techniques. This approach involves implementing sustainable practices that protect the natural environment and enable communities to benefit from the forest resources without damaging them. It includes measures such as reducing deforestation, promoting reforestation, and enforcing laws against illegal logging and other harmful activities. Reserving hectares of land for plantations may not be a sustainable solution, as it can lead to monoculture and may not provide the same benefits as natural forests. Importing wood from other countries may exacerbate the problem, as it encourages overconsumption and does not address the underlying issues of deforestation. Employing more forest guards can help deter illegal activities, but it may not be enough without also implementing conservation techniques. Therefore, implementing forest conservation techniques is the best solution as it promotes the sustainable use of forest resources while protecting the natural environment and supporting local communities.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Attitude is not an element of climate. Climate refers to the long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation, wind, and air pressure in a particular area. Attitude refers to a person's feelings or opinions about something, and does not relate to the physical characteristics of the climate.

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The difference between the hottest and coldest daily temperature for a particular day is called the diurnal range of temperature. A combined maximum and minimum thermometer records both the highest and lowest temperatures that occur during a given period, typically a day. The highest temperature recorded is the maximum daily temperature, and the lowest temperature recorded is the minimum daily temperature. The diurnal range of temperature is the difference between these two values, indicating how much the temperature fluctuated over the course of the day. For example, if the highest temperature recorded was 30 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature recorded was 15 degrees Celsius, then the diurnal range of temperature for that day would be 15 degrees Celsius.

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When the salinity of an ocean is high, the ocean water becomes more dense. This dense water tends to sink towards the bottom of the ocean and flow along the ocean floor towards areas where the salinity is lower. So, the correct answer is: the ocean water is dense and creeps at the bottom of the ocean towards low salinity areas.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

An example of a coastline of emergence is a raised beach. A coastline of emergence refers to a type of coastline that is formed when the land is rising relative to the sea level. This can be caused by tectonic activity or changes in the level of the land due to the melting of glaciers. When the land rises, the sea level falls, which exposes the previously submerged shoreline. This results in the formation of a raised beach, which is a distinctive feature of a coastline of emergence. A raised beach is a beach that is located above the current sea level, and it is typically characterized by a flat or gently sloping surface. Other features of a coastline of emergence may include sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, and marine terraces. These features are formed by the erosion of the land by the sea when it was at a higher level, followed by the uplift of the land. An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway. The Norwegian coastline has experienced significant uplift due to tectonic activity, which has resulted in the formation of raised beaches, sea cliffs, and marine terraces. In summary, a coastline of emergence is a type of coastline that is formed when the land rises relative to the sea level. One of the distinctive features of this type of coastline is a raised beach, which is a beach that is located above the current sea level. An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Creativity of people in the area is not a factor that favours industrial concentration in Western Nigeria. Industrial concentration refers to the clustering of industries in a particular geographic location. There are several factors that can influence the concentration of industries in an area. In the case of Western Nigeria, three key factors that favour industrial concentration are the availability of raw materials, closeness to major importing and exporting ports, and a good road network. The availability of raw materials is a major factor that influences the location of industries. Industries require access to raw materials to produce goods and services, and if these raw materials are readily available in a particular area, it makes sense for industries to cluster there. Closeness to major importing and exporting ports is also an important factor that can influence industrial concentration. If industries are located close to major ports, they have easier access to the global market and can more easily import raw materials and export finished products. A good road network is also important for industrial concentration. If an area has good roads, it is easier for goods and services to be transported in and out of the area. This can help to reduce transportation costs and increase efficiency, which can be especially important for industries that rely on just-in-time manufacturing and delivery. Creativity of people in the area, while important in terms of innovation and entrepreneurship, is not a direct factor that influences industrial concentration. Other factors such as access to capital, labour force availability, and government policies may play a more important role in promoting industrial concentration. In summary, the availability of raw materials, closeness to major ports, and a good road network are important factors that favour industrial concentration in Western Nigeria. Creativity of people in the area, while important for innovation and entrepreneurship, is not a direct factor that influences industrial concentration.

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Out of the given options, storms are not a landform producing agent. Landforms are natural features on the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plains, that are created over long periods of time through the actions of various agents. These agents include natural forces such as water, wind, ice, and gravity. Waves, rivers, and glaciers are all agents that can shape the Earth's surface over time. Waves can erode coastlines and create features like sea cliffs and sea caves. Rivers can carve out valleys and canyons through erosion and transport sediment downstream. Glaciers can also erode and transport sediment, as well as create features such as moraines and U-shaped valleys. On the other hand, storms are not an agent that shapes the Earth's surface in a significant way. Storms are short-lived weather events that can cause erosion and deposition in some areas, but they are not powerful enough to create significant landforms on their own. However, storms can interact with other landforming agents like rivers and waves, exacerbating their effects and creating more dramatic changes to the landscape.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Loess is a layer of very fine wind-deposited sand and silt. It is created when wind carries small particles of sediment, such as sand and silt, from one place to another and deposits them in a layer. Loess is usually found in areas with strong winds, such as the prairies of North America, the steppes of Asia, and the deserts of Africa. This type of soil is fertile and is often used for agriculture.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

A settlement located where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. A confluence is a point where two or more rivers meet and flow together as one. Settlements located at confluences are called confluence towns because they are situated at a unique and strategic location where two rivers meet. Confluence towns have historically been important for transportation, trade, and agriculture, as well as for strategic and military reasons. They are often located at the intersection of major river systems, making them important hubs for transportation and commerce. The availability of water from two rivers can also make confluence towns ideal locations for farming and irrigation. Therefore, a settlement located where two rivers meet is called a confluence town.

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Shale is a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment, such as dead plants and animals, sand, or mud, that have been compacted and cemented together over time. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compression of clay and silt. It is usually dark in color and can be easily split into thin layers. Marble, on the other hand, is a metamorphic rock, which means it was formed from the alteration of an existing rock, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is a dense, crystalline rock that is prized for its beauty and used in construction and sculpture. Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon and is not a rock. Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms from the alteration of existing rocks, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is characterized by its foliated texture, with flat, sheet-like minerals that are aligned in a particular direction.

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The tourist center that is wrongly paired in the given options is "Eiffel Tower - Germany." The correct country for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany. The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is one of the most recognizable structures in the world and is a symbol of Paris and France. It was constructed between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, and it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world. Therefore, the correct pairing for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany.

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The term that fits the given definition is "watershed." A watershed is a highland area that separates the headwaters of rivers that flow in different directions but originate from the same mountainous source. Think of it as a dividing line that determines which direction rainwater will flow. Rain that falls on one side of the watershed will flow into one river, while rain that falls on the other side will flow into a different river. This separation is important because it affects the water quality and quantity of each river, and it can have significant impacts on the ecosystems that depend on those rivers.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

The importance of highlands in Nigeria does not include being a source of minerals. Highlands are elevated areas of land that are generally located at higher altitudes than the surrounding areas. In Nigeria, there are several highland areas, including the Jos Plateau and the Mambilla Plateau. These highlands have several important features and benefits. One of the key benefits of highlands is that they occupy good land that is suitable for agriculture. The higher altitudes often mean cooler temperatures, which can be beneficial for certain crops. Additionally, the soil in highland areas may be richer and more fertile, which can result in higher crop yields. Highlands can also serve as settlement sites, as they are often more defensible than lowland areas. Historically, many highland areas in Nigeria have been used as sites for forts and other defensive structures. Another important feature of highlands is that they are often the source of rivers. The high elevations allow for the accumulation of water, which can then flow downhill and form rivers and other bodies of water. These rivers can be important sources of water for irrigation, as well as for domestic and industrial use. While highlands may contain minerals, they are not typically a major source of mineral resources in Nigeria. Mineral resources in Nigeria are more commonly found in other areas, such as the Niger Delta and the Jos Plateau. In summary, highlands in Nigeria are important for their suitability for agriculture, their historical use as settlement sites, and their role as sources of rivers. While they may contain minerals, this is not typically their primary importance.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E. Longitude is a measure of distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. The Prime Meridian has a longitude of 0°, and all other longitudes are measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. Nigeria is located in West Africa, and its easternmost point is about 3°E, while its westernmost point is about 15°E. Therefore, Nigeria is located between longitudes 3°E and 15°E.

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Enugu is not a precolonial town. Precolonial refers to the time period before the colonization of a particular area or region by European powers. In Nigeria, many towns and cities existed before the arrival of the Europeans, and these are referred to as precolonial towns. Ilorin, Bida, and Ibadan are all precolonial towns in Nigeria. They existed as independent kingdoms and city-states with their own unique cultures, traditions, and forms of governance long before the arrival of the Europeans. Enugu, on the other hand, was not a precolonial town. The town was founded in the early 20th century by the British colonial authorities as a coal mining settlement. While there were some settlements and villages in the area before the arrival of the British, Enugu did not exist as a town or city with a defined political and social structure until it was established by the colonial authorities.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

A device for transferring information from an analogue map into a computer for further manipulation is called a Digitizer. A digitizer is a piece of hardware that is used to convert analogue information into a digital format that can be read and manipulated by a computer. In the case of maps, a digitizer is used to trace the features on a paper map and convert them into a digital format, such as a shapefile or a georeferenced image. This allows the information on the map to be easily manipulated, stored, and analyzed using computer software. An aerial photograph is a type of image that is taken from the air, often from an airplane or drone, and is used to capture information about the land and features on the ground. A global positioning system (GPS) is a network of satellites and receivers that is used to determine the location, speed, and direction of an object on the Earth's surface. A plotter is a type of printer that is used to produce large-format images, such as maps, technical drawings, and architectural plans.

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The term that is defined as the total surrounding or medium of any organism in a given area is "environment". Environment refers to the sum total of all biotic and abiotic factors that affect an organism in a given area. Biotic components refer to all living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. Abiotic components, on the other hand, refer to all non-living factors, such as water, air, sunlight, temperature, soil, and minerals, that affect living organisms. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, along with their non-living environment, that interact with each other. Therefore, an ecosystem is made up of both biotic and abiotic components, and it is a specific unit of the environment that can be studied as a distinct entity.

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In the desert region, the most prominent agent of erosion is wind. The wind in the desert can pick up sand and other loose materials and carry them across the landscape, which can cause erosion over time. As the wind blows across the desert, it can pick up loose sand and other sediments and transport them from one location to another. This process, known as "deflation," can cause the erosion of the desert surface over time. In addition, the wind can also cause abrasion, which occurs when sand particles are carried by the wind and collide with other surfaces, such as rocks or other sediments. This can wear away the surface of the rocks or other materials over time, leading to erosion. Overall, wind erosion is a very important process in the desert environment and plays a significant role in shaping the landscape over time.

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A major percentage of the world's exports of citrus fruits comes from the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean region, which includes countries such as Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey, has a warm and sunny climate that is ideal for growing citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits. These fruits are widely cultivated in the region, and a large portion of the production is exported to other countries. This region has long been known for its fertile soils and favorable growing conditions, making it one of the major citrus-producing areas in the world. In addition, the Mediterranean region has a long history of citrus cultivation and a strong tradition of producing high-quality fruit. So, while citrus fruits can be grown in other regions such as the tropical and cool temperate regions, the Mediterranean region remains the largest exporter of these fruits.

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Geo-referencing in GIS is the process of assigning spatial locations (coordinates) to a dataset, such as an image, map, or survey data, so that it can be viewed, analyzed, and compared with other spatial datasets. The main objective of geo-referencing is to integrate datasets from different sources that have different coordinate systems, projections, and scales into a common reference framework. This enables users to overlay, compare, and analyze different spatial datasets accurately and effectively. Geo-referencing involves aligning the data to a known reference system, such as a map or satellite imagery, and assigning a spatial location to each data point. This process involves identifying control points, which are specific locations that appear in both the data and the reference system, and using them to determine the transformation that is needed to align the data with the reference system. Once the data has been geo-referenced, it can be used for data acquisition, data management, manipulation, and analysis in GIS. Geo-referenced datasets can be used for a wide range of applications, including natural resource management, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called isohalines. Isohalines are similar to contour lines on topographic maps that join all points of equal elevation. However, instead of elevation, isohalines connect all points on a map that have the same salinity in the ocean. Ocean salinity is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in a given amount of seawater. The salinity of ocean water varies depending on several factors, such as temperature, evaporation, and precipitation. By drawing isohalines on maps, scientists can visualize the patterns of salinity distribution in the ocean and study how it changes over time. The term "isohaline" comes from the Greek word "iso" meaning equal and "haline" meaning salt, so it literally means "equal salt."

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The correct answer is "Colonial ties." One of the primary reasons for the high volume of trade between Nigeria and developed countries is the historical and economic ties that Nigeria shares with many of these nations. Nigeria was a British colony until it gained independence in 1960, and as a result, it has maintained strong trade relationships with the UK and other former British colonies. These relationships have been fostered over many years through cultural, social, and economic ties. In addition, many developed countries have invested heavily in Nigeria's natural resources, such as oil, which has further strengthened the trade relationships between Nigeria and these countries. This has led to the development of a large export market for Nigerian products, such as crude oil and natural gas. Therefore, the correct answer is "Colonial ties," as it has been a significant reason for the high volume of trade between Nigeria and developed countries.

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The importance of the atmosphere to living organisms is that it provides oxygen for animals and plants for respiration. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, and it plays a vital role in supporting life on the planet. One of the most important functions of the atmosphere is that it provides oxygen, which is necessary for the respiration of animals and plants. During the process of respiration, living organisms take in oxygen and use it to convert food into energy. This process is essential for the survival of all living things, and it cannot occur without oxygen. Additionally, plants use the process of photosynthesis to produce oxygen, which is then released into the atmosphere for animals to breathe. In addition to providing oxygen, the atmosphere also plays a role in regulating the Earth's temperature and protecting living organisms from harmful solar radiation. The atmosphere also provides a medium for weather patterns to form, which are important for the distribution of water and other resources that support life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most important function of the atmosphere to living organisms is providing oxygen for respiration.