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Question 1 Report
The cells responsible for transmitting messages to the effectors are
Answer Details
The cells responsible for transmitting messages to the effectors are motor neurons. These neurons play a critical role in the nervous system by transmitting impulses from the central nervous system (such as the brain and spinal cord) towards the muscles and glands, which are collectively known as effectors.
Here's a simple breakdown of how this process works:
Effectors are essential as they perform actions in response to neural signals, making motor neurons integral in generating coordinated movement and various physiological responses. In contrast, sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, relay neurons (interneurons) facilitate communication within the central nervous system, and hair cells are specialized sensory receptors in the auditory and vestibular systems. Thus, the primary role of motor neurons is to convey signals to effectors to initiate a response or action.
Question 2 Report
Bilateral symmetry,cylindrical bodies and double openings are characteristic features of
Answer Details
The features you mentioned, namely bilateral symmetry, cylindrical bodies, and double openings, are characteristic of nematodes.
Let's break it down further:
In contrast:
Therefore, based on these descriptions, nematodes clearly align with the features of bilateral symmetry, cylindrical bodies, and double openings.
Question 3 Report
The food nutrient with the highest energy value is
Answer Details
The food nutrient with the highest energy value is lipids, which include fats and oils.
The reason lipids have the highest energy value is due to their chemical structure. They contain long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which can store a significant amount of energy. When these bonds are broken down in the body, they release energy.
In terms of energy measurement, lipids provide about 9 calories per gram, whereas proteins and carbohydrates each provide about 4 calories per gram. Minerals do not provide energy but are essential for other bodily functions.
Therefore, lipids are more energy-dense and offer more energy per gram compared to other nutrients. This is why they are considered the food nutrient with the highest energy value.
Question 4 Report
The total number of ATP produced during glycolysis is
Answer Details
Glycolysis is the process through which one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, and this process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, two different phases are involved: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase. Let's break it down:
Energy Investment Phase: At the start of glycolysis, the cell uses 2 ATP molecules. This phase is necessary to modify the glucose molecule and prepare it for the subsequent reactions.
Energy Payoff Phase: As glycolysis continues, 4 ATP molecules are produced. These ATP molecules are formed when certain intermediates donate phosphate groups to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to form ATP.
Hence, the net gain of ATP during the glycolytic process is calculated by subtracting the ATP used in the Energy Investment phase from those produced in the Energy Payoff phase.
The calculation is as follows:
ATP Produced = 4 molecules
ATP Used = 2 molecules
Net Gain = 4 - 2 = 2 molecules
Therefore, the total number of ATP produced during glycolysis, when considering the net gain, is 2 molecules of ATP.
Question 5 Report
Answer Details
Iron is a crucial nutrient for plants due to its involvement in several important biological processes. Let's break these down:
In summary, iron is crucial because it is involved in the formation of chlorophyll, proteins, and DNA, all of which are essential for the growth, energy production, and reproduction of the plant. This, in turn, helps the plant grow healthy and resilient.
Question 6 Report
The causative agent of tuberculosis is
Answer Details
Tuberculosis, often abbreviated as TB, is a disease that primarily affects the lungs, although it can spread to other parts of the body. The **causative agent** of tuberculosis is a specific type of **bacteria** known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
To understand this better, let's break it down:
When someone with active tuberculosis coughs, sneezes, or even speaks, the bacteria can be spread through the air and inhaled by others, leading to new infections. This is why tuberculosis is described as a **contagious** disease.
Understanding that tuberculosis is caused by **bacteria** is crucial for its treatment and prevention. Antibiotics, which are medicines that specifically target bacterial infections, are used to treat and control the spread of tuberculosis.
In summary, it's important to recognize that tuberculosis is caused by a specific type of bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which explains why antibiotics can be effective in its treatment.
Question 7 Report
The depressed side of paramecium which is lined with cilia leads to a tube-like structure called
Answer Details
The depressed side of a paramecium that is lined with cilia leads to a tube-like structure called the buccal cavity, also known as the gullet.
Question 8 Report
Production of healthier offspring, viable seeds and formation of new varieties are good characteristics
Answer Details
Cross-pollination is a type of pollination that produces healthier offspring, viable seeds, and new varieties.
Cross-pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower. In contrast, self-pollination is when pollen is transferred within a flower or between flowers on the same plant. Self-pollination is effective in a stable environment, but it can lead to weak offspring that are less adapted to the environment.
Question 9 Report
The cell organelle responsible for the synthesis of protein is the
Answer Details
The cell organelle responsible for the synthesis of protein is the ribosome.
To put it simply, ribosomes are like tiny factories within the cell. They read the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) and use these instructions to assemble amino acids into proteins, which are essential molecules for various cell functions.
Here's how it works in a straightforward manner:
In summary, the ribosome is an essential organelle for protein synthesis, which is crucial for the cell's structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Question 10 Report
In glycolysis, glucose is broken down through series of reactions in the presence of enzyme and absence of oxygen to produce
Answer Details
Glycolysis is a biochemical process through which glucose, a six-carbon sugar, is broken down into two molecules of a three-carbon compound called **pyruvic acid** or **pyruvate**. This process occurs in the **absence of oxygen** and is also referred to as anaerobic respiration. During glycolysis, energy stored in glucose is released, and a net gain of **two molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)** is produced, which serves as a direct energy source for cellular activities.
Here is a brief explanation of the main steps involved in glycolysis:
In summary, during glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, glucose is transformed into **pyruvic acid and a net gain of ATP molecules**, making the answer **pyruvic acid + ATP**.
Question 11 Report
Blood group AB is considered as universal recipient because they can receive blood from groups
Answer Details
Blood group AB is considered a universal recipient because individuals with this blood type can receive blood from all other blood groups, including A, B, AB, and O. This is possible due to the presence of both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells and the absence of anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
Here’s a simple breakdown:
This makes AB blood group the universal recipient as they can accept A, B, AB, and O blood, without experiencing adverse reactions caused by antibody-antigen incompatibility.
Question 12 Report
Ecological succession can result from
Answer Details
Ecological succession is a natural process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. This process can be initiated by several factors, resulting in the gradual replacement of one community by another until a stable ecosystem, known as a climax community, is achieved.
One such factor that can lead to ecological succession is a newly formed habitat. When an area is newly formed, such as from a volcanic eruption creating new land, or when a glacier retreats exposing bare rock, there is no pre-existing community. Over time, pioneer species such as lichens and mosses begin to colonize the area. As they die and decompose, they contribute organic matter to the soil, making it more hospitable for future plant species. This leads to the gradual development of a more complex community.
A habitat with abundant food might not directly cause ecological succession, but it can support the growth and reproduction of organisms, contributing to the stability and complexity of existing ecosystems. However, changes in food availability can lead to shifts in populations and species interactions, indirectly influencing successional changes.
Another important factor is a habitat with space and light. When a disturbance such as a fire clears an area, removing trees and other vegetation, it creates open space and increases light availability. This situation allows new species to colonize the area, starting a process known as secondary succession. Initially, fast-growing species that require a lot of light dominate the area, but eventually, as the ecosystem matures, it becomes more diverse and balanced.
Lastly, a population of plants on fertile land provides a suitable environment for ecological succession. Fertile soils support a wide variety of plant species, which contribute to the formation of a complex and stable ecosystem over time. As plants grow and die, they enrich the soil, promoting the growth of secondary species until a mature community is established.
In summary, ecological succession can result from newly formed habitats, disturbances that create space and light, and fertile lands. These changes create conditions that allow different species to colonize and thrive, leading to the evolution of ecosystems over time.
Question 13 Report
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows
The endocrine gland that is located in the part labelled I is
Answer Details
The endocrine gland located in the part labelled 'I' is the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus, which connects to it. It is often referred to as the "master gland" because it plays a crucial role in regulating a wide variety of bodily functions by secreting hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system, such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs.
Key Points:
Question 14 Report
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows
The part labelled III is
Answer Details
The diagram provided is not visible since this is a text-based interface. However, I can help explain the parts of an insect as they typically relate to the given options: abdomen, head, maxillae, and thorax. Typically, insects have three main body parts: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The maxillae are a part of the mouthparts, usually located on the head. Here is a simple explanation of these parts:
Head: The head is the front part of the insect's body where the eyes, antennae, and mouthparts, such as the maxillae, are located. It is the center for sensory input and feeding.
Thorax: Located just behind the head, the thorax is the middle section of an insect's body. It is where the legs and wings (if present) are attached. It contains muscles that help in movement.
Abdomen: The abdomen is the rear part of an insect's body. It contains vital organs such as those for digestion, excretion, and reproduction. It is generally more flexible than the thorax.
Maxillae: The maxillae are a part of the insect's mouthparts and are found on the head. They assist in manipulating food.
Based on the given options, if Part III is a section of an insect's body segmented into three prominent parts, it usually corresponds to the thorax or abdomen. Without the diagram, a precise answer cannot be given, but based on typical labeling, Part III is often referring to the middle segment; hence, the thorax is a likely match.
Question 15 Report
The cone in the retina of eye is an example of
Answer Details
The cone in the retina of the eye is an example of a cell. Let me explain this further in a simple and comprehensive way:
Our eyes have a part called the retina, which is like a screen at the back of the eye. It captures the images we see and sends them to the brain for processing. The retina contains special cells that help us detect light and color. These are primarily two types: rods and cones.
The cones are specialized cells in the retina responsible for allowing us to see in color. They function under bright light conditions and help us perceive different colors and details. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to: red, green, or blue light. Together, they allow us to see a full spectrum of colors.
Therefore, in the hierarchy of biological organization, a cone is considered a cell, as it is the smallest functional unit that contributes to vision.
Question 16 Report
One of the following is a courtship behaviour in animals
Answer Details
Courtship behavior in animals is a complex set of actions and rituals that animals perform to attract a mate and ensure reproduction. Among the given options, the behavior most directly related to courtship is display.
Why is display a courtship behavior?
A display involves a series of movements, sounds, visual appearances, or other activities performed by animals to attract a mate. These displays are meant to show off the animal's strength, health, genetic quality, and overall suitability as a mate. For example, peacocks spread their colorful feathers to attract peahens, while many bird species might sing or dance.
The purpose of such displays is to communicate information and signals to potential mates, enhancing the chances of successful mating. These displays often indicate the physical and genetic fitness of the individual performing them, allowing potential mates to choose who to pair up with best. Therefore, display is directly associated with attracting mates and is considered a courtship behavior.
Question 17 Report
Use the diagram to answer the question that follows
The flower of plants belongs to part labelled
Answer Details
The flower is the reproductive organ of a plant. It is a plant organ, which is defined as a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
Question 18 Report
Energy transfer in plants and animals are in the form of
Answer Details
In both plants and animals, **energy transfer** primarily occurs in the form of **Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)**. To understand this, let's break it down simply:
1. **What is ATP?** ATP is a molecule that stores and carries energy within cells. Think of it as a small packet or currency of energy that is used to power various cellular processes. The energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphate groups, and when a bond is broken, energy is released to do work in the cell.
2. **How is ATP used in plants?** In plants, ATP is produced during the process of photosynthesis in the chloroplasts. Sunlight energy is captured and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Plants then use ATP to synthesize essential components like glucose, which further fuels various necessary activities of the plant.
3. **How is ATP used in animals?** In animals, ATP is primarily produced during cellular respiration in the mitochondria. Animals consume glucose, and through cellular respiration, they convert it into ATP by using oxygen. This ATP provides the energy needed for various functions such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthetic reactions.
Other molecules like **DNA**, **RNA**, and **GTP** play different roles. DNA stores genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis, and GTP is another energy molecule, but it is primarily used in specific signaling pathways and protein synthesis. ATP remains the main molecule for energy transfer in most cellular activities.
In summary, ATP is the **key energy carrier** in both plants and animals, facilitating essential life processes that require energy.
Question 19 Report
Which of the following plants shows hypogeal germination?
Answer Details
To understand which plants exhibit hypogeal germination, we first need to comprehend what hypogeal germination is. In hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain below the soil surface after the seed germinates. This occurs because the seedling's epicotyl (the part of the seedling above the cotyledons) elongates, pushing the shoot tip above the ground while the cotyledons stay buried, often serving their purpose as energy reserves.
Let's examine the given options:
From the options provided, both Groundnut and Maize exhibit hypogeal germination. While Groundnut's germination involves the cotyledons staying underground, Maize's germination follows a similar principle with its own adaptations.
Question 20 Report
A form of adaptive colouration that helps animals to remain unnoticed is
Answer Details
A form of adaptive coloration that helps animals to remain unnoticed is called countershading.
Countershading is a type of camouflage where an animal's coloration is darker on the upper side and lighter on the underside. This coloration helps them to blend into their surroundings better, reducing the chance of being seen by predators or prey.
Here's a simple explanation of how it works:
This dual shading effect reduces the animal's shadow and profile, making them less visible and thereby improving their chances of survival. Other terms like hibernation, aestivation, and migration refer to processes that are not directly related to coloration or camouflage. Therefore, countershading is the correct term for adaptive coloration that aids in concealment.
Question 21 Report
Which of these is a respiratory organ in mammals?
Answer Details
The organ responsible for respiration in mammals is the lungs. The lungs are located in the chest cavity and are essential for breathing. Here's a simple explanation:
The other options mentioned are not used for respiration in mammals:
Question 22 Report
Pentadactyl forelimb of vertebrate function due to differences in environment is
Answer Details
A pentadactyl forelimb in vertebrates, meaning a forelimb with five digits, serves a variety of functions depending on the animal's environment, showcasing how a single basic structure can be adapted through evolution to suit different needs, like swimming, flying, running, or grasping, all while maintaining the underlying five-digit pattern as a result of shared ancestry.
Physiological evidence is an evidence of evolution that deals with the functions of body parts among different species. For example, analogous structures are body parts of different species that have a similar function but can look different.
Moreover, physiological evidence focuses on the specific functional mechanisms and processes that underline the pentadactyl limb's operation while comparative anatomy addresses the evolutionary and anatomical origins of the pentadactyl plan. In other words, Anatomy is the study of the body's physical structure, while physiology is the study of how the body functions.
While both comparative anatomy and physiological evidence can support the concept of the pentadactyl forelimb in vertebrates, the key difference lies in the focus of study: comparative anatomy examines the structural similarities in bone arrangement across different species, whereas physiological evidence investigates how the limb functions and adapts to different behaviours in each species; essentially, comparative anatomy looks at the "blueprint" of the limb, while physiology examines how that structure is used in different contexts.
Embryological evidence of the pentadactyl forelimb of vertebrates includes the regulation of gene expression during limb development.
The fossil record of pentadactyl forelimbs shows that many vertebrates have a similar bone structure, even though their limbs look different on the outside.
Question 23 Report
A common component of blood and lymph is
Answer Details
Blood and lymph are both crucial components of the circulatory and immune systems in the body. One of the key components that is common to both blood and lymph is the white blood cell. Here's how:
White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a significant role in defending the body against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders. They are an essential part of the immune system.
In blood, white blood cells circulate through the cardiovascular system and help in identifying and attacking pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms.
In lymph, white blood cells are found in the lymphatic fluid and lymph nodes, where they help filter and trap pathogens, preventing them from spreading further into the body.
Therefore, white blood cells are the common component of both blood and lymph, playing a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms.
Question 24 Report
The formation of cilia and flagella in living cells is carried out with the help of
Answer Details
The formation of cilia and flagella in living cells is primarily carried out with the help of centrioles.
In eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are long, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell and are responsible for movement. They are made up of microtubules, which are protein structures. The base of a cilium or a flagellum is anchored to a cell by a structure called the basal body.
The basal body is very similar in structure to a centriole. Centrioles are cylinder-shaped organelles found in animal cells and are composed of microtubule triplets. When a cell is ready to produce cilia or flagella, the centrioles migrate to the surface of the cell and become basal bodies by aiding in the assembly and organization of these microtubules.
Therefore, the role of centrioles is crucial because they act as the organizing centers for the microtubule structures that comprise cilia and flagella. Without centrioles, a cell would not be able to form these important structures.
Question 25 Report
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows.
Examples of non-vascular plants are labelled
Answer Details
Marchantia is a member of the Marchantiaceae, the Marchantia family. This family is one of many thalloid liverwort families or bryophyta. A thalloid liverwort is strap-like and often forms large colonies on the surface on which it grows. A liverwort is non-vascular green plant.
Spirogyra is a green algae that is a member of the Thallophyta division. It is also known as water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed.
Dryopteris, also known as wood ferns, male ferns, or buckler ferns, is a genus of ferns in the Dryopteridaceae family, of pteridophyta.
Cycads are part of the order Cycadales and the division Cycadophyta, which are both groups of gymnosperms.
Maize belongs to the group angiosperms. Angiosperms are plants that have a well-developed vascular system
Only bryophytes(Marchantia) - I and Thallophytes (Spirogyra) - II are non- vascular, others have vascular systems. Therefore option A is the correct answer.
Question 26 Report
Which of the following factors can lead to overcrowding?
Answer Details
To understand overcrowding, we need to consider factors that increase or decrease a population within a certain area.
High natality refers to a high birth rate. When more individuals are born in an area than those leaving it, the population will naturally increase, potentially leading to overcrowding as the area becomes inhabited by more individuals than it can comfortably support. This is because more births without corresponding departures or deaths means more people vying for the same resources.
Emigration is the process of individuals moving out of a given area to live elsewhere. This movement decreases the population of an area, which would typically help prevent overcrowding rather than cause it. Hence, emigration does not lead to overcrowding.
Competition involves individuals or species competing for limited resources such as food, water, or territory. While it does not directly cause overcrowding, high population density due to overcrowding can intensify competition since more individuals fight for the same scarce resources. Thus, competition is more of a consequence rather than a direct cause of overcrowding.
High mortality means a high death rate. This reduces the number of individuals in a population, which works against overcrowding. With more individuals dying, the population decreases or stabilizes, alleviating pressures that lead to overcrowding.
In summary, among the listed factors, high natality is the most significant contributor to overcrowding as it directly increases population size when not matched by increased emigration or mortality.
Question 27 Report
Which of the following structures enables the exchange of gases in insects?
Answer Details
Insects have a specialized system for gas exchange, which does not rely on their skin like some other small organisms. Instead, they use a system known as the tracheal system. This system consists of a network of tiny tubes called tracheae.
The tracheae are the main structures that enable the exchange of gases in insects. These tubes extend throughout an insect's body and open to the outside through small openings on the insect's exoskeleton called spiracles.
When an insect breathes, air enters through the spiracles and travels through the tracheae, delivering oxygen directly to the body’s cells. At the same time, carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of respiration, exits the cells via the same tracheal system, leaving the body through the spiracles.
The tracheal system is highly efficient in distributing air directly to the tissues, bypassing the need for a circulatory system to transport gases throughout the body. As such, it provides a direct and effective way for insects to exchange gases necessary for respiration.
Question 28 Report
Hemophilia in humans is controlled by the
Answer Details
Hemophilia in humans is controlled by a recessive gene found on the X chromosome. This means that the gene responsible for hemophilia is not dominant and it is located on one of the sex chromosomes, specifically the X chromosome.
Here is how it works:
In conclusion, hemophilia is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. This explains why it is more commonly observed in males than in females.
Question 29 Report
Infectious diseases are caused by
Answer Details
Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by certain harmful microorganisms that invade the body. These microorganisms can be grouped into several categories. Among these categories, two of the most notable are bacteria and protozoa. Both of these groups contain species that can lead to disease.
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. While many bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans, some can cause diseases such as strep throat, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections. Bacteria are living organisms that reproduce by themselves, and they can sometimes produce toxins that harm the host.
Protozoa are a diverse group of single-celled organisms that live in a variety of moist or aquatic environments. Many protozoa are harmless, but some can cause serious diseases. For example, the protozoan parasite Plasmodium causes malaria, a serious disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
Protists is a broader term that includes protozoa as well as algae and fungi-like organisms, and while not all protists cause disease, the term could refer to certain disease-causing protozoans.
Amoebas are a type of protozoan characterized by their changing shape and movement. Although many amoebas are harmless, some types, such as Entamoeba histolytica, cause illnesses like amoebic dysentery, which is characterized by diarrhea and stomach pain.
In summary, infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria and a variety of protozoa, including specific types like amoebas. Understanding these different microorganisms helps in diagnosing and treating the diseases they cause.
Question 30 Report
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows
The zone labelled II is called
Answer Details
The zone labeled II is likely the littoral zone. The littoral zone is the part of a water body that is close to the shore. It is typically characterized by sufficient sunlight reaching the bottom, allowing aquatic plants to grow. This zone generally supports a wide variety of life because it is nutrient-rich and serves as a crucial area for fish spawning and foraging. Organisms such as aquatic plants, algae, invertebrates, and small fish are often found in the littoral zone. Given that this zone is near the shore, it is far less deep than other zones and can be identified by the presence of this diverse life and vegetation.
Question 31 Report
In vascular plants, xylem tissue is responsible for
Answer Details
In vascular plants, the xylem tissue is primarily responsible for the transportation of water. The xylem functions like a network of tubes spreading throughout the plant, from the roots up to the leaves. Its main role is to carry water and dissolved minerals absorbed from the soil by the roots to other parts of the plant. This movement of water is crucial for maintaining plant health as it supports essential processes like photosynthesis and nutrient distribution. Unlike other tissues, xylem is specifically adapted for this task, with its elongated, tube-like structures which provide an effective passage for water movement.
Question 32 Report
Answer Details
The main excretory products of plants during metabolism are carbon dioxide, excess water, and nitrogenous compounds.
Plants produce carbon dioxide as a metabolic waste product during respiration, while oxygen is a metabolic waste product from photosynthesis. Excretion of gaseous waste in plants takes place through stomatal pores on leaves. Oxygen released during photosynthesis is used for respiration while carbon dioxide released during respiration is used for photosynthesis.
Question 33 Report
The rhizoid of liverwort is
Answer Details
The rhizoid of liverwort is unicellular and unbranched.
Here's a simple explanation: Liverworts are a type of non-vascular plant that have structures called rhizoids. These rhizoids look like tiny hairs and they help the plant attach to surfaces like rocks or soil. Even though they help with attachment, they do not have the complexity of true roots.
In liverworts, these rhizoids are formed as single cells, which means they are unicellular. Think of them as being like a single long cell that looks like a hair. This single-celled structure is unbranched, meaning it doesn't split or divide into more parts or sections.
In summary, liverwort rhizoids are unicellular and unbranched, helping them secure the plant to various surfaces without forming complex root structures.
Question 34 Report
A discontinuous morphological variation often used in crime detection is the
Answer Details
In crime detection, the most popular discontinuous morphological variation used is finger prints.
Here's a simple way to understand why:
Defining Morphological Variation: Morphological variation refers to differences in the form and features of living organisms. A variation is termed as 'discontinuous' when it falls into distinct categories with no intermediates. For example, you either have a particular feature or you don't.
Why Fingerprints are Discontinuous: Fingerprints are a good example of discontinuous variation because each individual's set of fingerprints is unique. There are no gradual transitions – you either have a specific fingerprint pattern, like a loop, whorl, or arch, or you don't.
Application in Crime Detection: Because everyone has a unique set of fingerprints and these can be easily left on surfaces, fingerprints are a powerful tool in crime detection. Investigators gather fingerprint evidence from crime scenes and compare them with fingerprint databases to identify suspects.
In conclusion, the use of fingerprints lies mainly in their uniqueness and distinctiveness, making them crucial for identifying individuals in forensic investigations.
Question 35 Report
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows
The diagram demonstrates
Answer Details
Thigmotropism is a directional growth movement which occurs as a mechanosensory response to a touch stimulus. Mechanosensory responses in plants are the ways that plants move or change shape in response to touch, wind, or other mechanical stimuli.
Phototropism is the ability of plants to grow towards or away from light, which is a vital adaptive process for plants.
Geotropism is the growth of the parts of plants in response to the force of gravity.
Hydrotropism is a plant's growth response in which the direction of growth is determined by a stimulus or gradient in water concentration. It is the growth or turning of plant roots towards or away from moisture.
Question 36 Report
The process by which plants loss water to the atmosphere is
Answer Details
The process by which plants lose water to the atmosphere is referred to as transpiration. Let's break this down:
Transpiration is the process where water absorbed by plant roots is eventually released into the atmosphere as water vapor through the plant's leaves. This primarily occurs through small openings on the leaves known as stomata.
Here's how it happens:
Transpiration is crucial for plants because it not only helps them get rid of excess water but also plays a significant role in cooling the plant and enabling the upward movement of essential nutrients from the soil. It also contributes to the water cycle by adding moisture to the atmosphere.
In summary, transpiration is an essential process where plants lose water to the atmosphere, playing an important role in plant health and environmental equilibrium.
Question 37 Report
The schlerenchyma tissues consist of
Answer Details
Schlerenchyma tissues are a type of plant tissue known for providing structural support. These tissues are composed of cells that are typically dead at maturity. The cell walls of schlerenchyma tissues are thickened with lignin, which makes them rigid and strong. These characteristics help in supporting the plant body and protecting the plant against external mechanical forces.
To clarify, let's consider the types of cells mentioned:
In summary, schlerenchyma tissues consist mainly of dead cells. Their primary role is structural support, making them distinct from tissues composed of living cells, tracheid cells, or meristematic cells.
Question 38 Report
Which of the following evidences of evolution employs the use of radio-isotope dating?
Answer Details
The evidence of evolution that employs the use of radio-isotope dating is fossil records.
Let me explain this further. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Scientists use fossils to understand the history of life on Earth and how species have changed over time. But to make meaningful conclusions, they need to know the age of these fossils.
This is where radio-isotope dating comes into play. Radio-isotope dating, also known as radiometric dating, is a technique used to determine the age of rocks and fossils. It measures the decay of radioactive isotopes in materials.
Here's a simple way to understand it: you can think of radioactive isotopes as tiny clocks contained within rocks and fossils. These isotopes decay at a constant rate over time. By measuring the amount of remaining isotopes and knowing their half-life (the time it takes for half of the isotopes to decay), scientists can calculate how long the isotopes have been decaying. This gives them the age of the fossil or rock, helping to place it in the context of Earth's history.
In conclusion, fossil records are the evidence of evolution that utilize radio-isotope dating to provide a time frame and chronological context for evolutionary events.
Question 39 Report
The web-feet of frogs and toads is basically for
Answer Details
The **web-feet** of frogs and toads are primarily for **swimming**. Frogs and toads have webbed feet, which means their toes are connected by a thin membrane. This structure acts like a paddle, allowing them to push against water more effectively and move with greater ease and speed when they swim.
**Webbed feet** increase the surface area of their feet, providing more propulsion through the water, much like the way a duck's or other aquatic animal's webbed feet work. While they may also use their feet for other activities like **leaping** and **walking**, the primary adaptation and evolutionary advantage of having webbed feet is to enhance their ability to **swim** efficiently. Swimming is essential for frogs and toads because many of them live near water bodies and often have to escape predators, hunt for food, or move between land and water habitats.
Question 40 Report
The organisms that adopt swarming as an adaptation to overcome overcrowding are
Answer Details
Among the organisms listed, termites are well-known for adopting swarming as an adaptation to overcome overcrowding.
Here's why:
Swarming in termites is a crucial natural strategy that allows them to efficiently manage their population and ensure the survival and expansion of their colonies.
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