WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2020 (Practical)

(a)(i) Farm animal that produces specimen A (honey)

The honey bee.

(a)(ii) Two other products from the honey bee

• Beeswax.
• Royal jelly (or propolis, bee venom).

(a)(iii) Four uses of honey

• Used as food and a natural sweetener.
• Used in medicine to treat coughs and dress wounds.
• Used in making drinks and confectionery.
• Used as a raw material in cosmetics and industry, and as a source of income.

(b)(i) Steps in preparing bone meal from specimen B (bone)

1. Collect the bones and remove flesh, meat and fat.
2. Boil or cook the bones to soften them and remove remaining flesh and fat.
3. Sun-dry the boiled bones.
4. Roast or burn the dried bones to sterilise and make them brittle.
5. Crush and grind the bones into a fine powder.
6. Bag and store in a dry place.

(b)(ii) Two precautions during preparation of bone meal

• Ensure all flesh and fat are removed and the bones are well dried to prevent rancidity.
• Sterilise (burn or boil) the bones properly to kill disease organisms before grinding.

(b)(iii) Two minerals obtainable from specimen B

• Calcium.
• Phosphorus.

(a)(i) Two farm animals from which specimen C (fresh meat) could be obtained

• Cattle.
• Goat (also sheep, pig, poultry).

(a)(ii) Four ways specimen C could be preserved

• Refrigeration or freezing.
• Drying.
• Smoking.
• Salting (curing).

(b)(i) Three farm animals from which the raw form of specimen D (powdered milk) could be obtained

• Cattle (cow).
• Goat.
• Sheep.

(b)(ii) Three products obtainable from specimen D

• Cheese.
• Butter.
• Yoghurt.

(c) Two uses of specimen D in animal production

• Used as a milk replacer to feed young animals such as calves and lambs.
• Used as a source of protein and minerals in compounding animal feed.

(d) Process used to make the raw form of specimen D fit for human consumption

Pasteurisation.

(a) Three factors affecting the hatchability of specimen J (egg)

• Fertility of the egg (whether it was fertilised).
• Correct temperature of incubation.
• Correct humidity (and regular turning of the eggs).

(b)(i) Four operations on the first day of production of specimen K (chick)

• Provide warmth by brooding (source of heat).
• Give clean water containing glucose or vitamins.
• Provide feed (chick starter mash).
• Vaccinate against Marek's disease and count and inspect the chicks.

(b)(ii) Three diseases for which specimen K requires vaccination before six weeks old

• Newcastle disease.
• Gumboro (infectious bursal disease).
• Fowl pox.

(c)(i) Type of housing unit for rearing chicks on arrival

A brooder house (brooder).

(c)(ii) Four equipment required in the brooder

• Source of heat (brooder lamp or stove).
• Feeders.
• Drinkers (waterers).
• Litter and a chick guard (with a thermometer).

(a)(i) One major nutrient from each specimen

• F (Maize bran): Carbohydrate (energy).
• G (Groundnut cake): Protein.
• H (Cowpea husk): Fibre (roughage).

(a)(ii) Three pests that could attack specimen F in the store

• Maize weevil.
• Rats (rodents).
• Grain moth (or flour beetle).

(a)(iii) Three effects of exposing specimen G for several days in a store

• It becomes rancid as the oil (fat) goes bad.
• It develops mould and aflatoxin.
• It loses nutritive value and is attacked by insects.

(b)(i) Three farm animals that could feed on specimen H (cowpea husk)

• Cattle.
• Sheep.
• Goat.

(b)(ii) Two containers used to store specimen H

• Sack or bag.
• Basket (or barn/silo).

(b)(iii) One reason specimen H is suitable as feed

It is rich in fibre (roughage) that aids digestion, and it is cheap and readily available.