WAEC SSCE - Government - 1997 (Objective)

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Question 4 Report

The political parties that formed the Opposition in the House of Representatives during the First Republic in Nigeria were the

NCNC and UMBC

AG and UMBC

NCNC and NEPU

AG and NCNC

UMBC and NEPU

Answer Details

The political parties that formed the opposition in the House of Representatives during the First Republic in Nigeria were the Action Group (AG) and the United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC). The First Republic was a period of parliamentary democracy in Nigeria, which lasted from 1960 to 1966. During this time, the AG and the UMBC were the two main opposition parties in the House of Representatives, challenging the ruling party, the Northern Peoples Congress (NPC), and its coalition partner, the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC). The AG was a primarily Yoruba party, while the UMBC represented the interests of minority groups in the central and southern regions of Nigeria. Together, they opposed the NPC's domination of the federal government and advocated for greater regional autonomy and the protection of minority rights.

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Question 5 Report

An important reason for granting the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review is to enable it to

uphold the surpremacy of the Constitution

promote freedom of the press

elevate the Judiciary above the other organs

demonstrate the independence of the Judiciary

Answer Details

The important reason for granting the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review is to uphold the supremacy of the Constitution. Judicial Review is the power of the courts to review and invalidate laws or government actions that are deemed unconstitutional. By upholding the supremacy of the Constitution, the Judiciary ensures that the Constitution is the highest law of the land and that all laws and actions must be in line with its provisions. Granting the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review also serves as a check on the power of the other branches of government, ensuring that they do not overstep their constitutional limits. This helps to promote the rule of law and prevent the abuse of power by those in authority. Furthermore, Judicial Review is an essential element of the separation of powers and the independence of the Judiciary. It allows the Judiciary to act as an independent arbiter and ensures that it is not beholden to any political or governmental interests. Therefore, granting the Judiciary the power of Judicial Review is vital for the protection of the Constitution, the promotion of the rule of law, and the independence of the Judiciary.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 6 Report

One of effects of the agitations by the National Congress of British West Africa in the 1920s was the

establishment to Town Councils in th Protectorate

abolition of racial discrimination in the Civil Service

deposition of traditional rulers by Africans

election of Africans into the Legislative Councils

permission of African lawyers to parctise in court

Answer Details

The National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA) was formed in 1920 by nationalist leaders across the British colonies in West Africa. One of the main effects of their agitations was the election of Africans into the Legislative Councils. The NCBWA was formed to demand for greater participation of Africans in the governance of their countries, and this demand for representation was one of the major outcomes of their protests.

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Nationalism In Candidates’ Respective Countries

Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 7 Report

Who among the following could pass death sentence on an accused person in the pre-colonial Yoruba Kingdom? The

Paramount Ruler

provincial Heads

Queen Mother

Cults

Family Heads

Answer Details

In the pre-colonial Yoruba Kingdom, the power to pass death sentence on an accused person was held by the Paramount Ruler. The Yoruba Kingdom was a traditional African kingdom that existed before the arrival of Europeans in West Africa. The kingdom was made up of several city-states, each with its own ruler. The Paramount Ruler, also known as the Alafin, was the supreme ruler of the Yoruba Kingdom. He was considered the highest authority in matters of law and justice. The Alafin was advised by a council of chiefs, but he had the final say in all decisions. In the Yoruba Kingdom, crimes such as murder, theft, and adultery were punishable by death. The accused person would be brought before the Alafin, who would preside over the trial. If the accused person was found guilty, the Alafin would pass the death sentence. The Yoruba Kingdom was a complex society with a rich tradition of law and justice. The power to pass death sentence was one of the most significant powers held by the Paramount Ruler, and it was a crucial part of the Yoruba legal system. In summary, the power to pass death sentence on an accused person in the pre-colonial Yoruba Kingdom was held by the Paramount Ruler, who was the supreme ruler of the Yoruba Kingdom and had the final say in matters of law and justice.

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Pre-colonial Political System Of Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 8 Report

The ultimate aim of political party is

influence governmnet policeies

gain control of government

seek to discredit the government

provide for the welfare of its members

make government more effective

Answer Details

The ultimate aim of a political party is to gain control of the government by winning elections. Political parties seek to influence government policies by advocating for their preferred positions on issues and presenting their platforms to the electorate. However, their main goal is to gain power and control over the government so that they can implement their policies and programs. Political parties do not seek to discredit the government, but rather to provide alternative visions and leadership for the country. While political parties may provide for the welfare of their members, this is not their primary aim. Making government more effective may be a part of a political party's platform, but it is not the ultimate goal. The ultimate goal of a political party is to gain control of the government and use that power to implement their policies and programs.

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Question 9 Report

An indirect election takes place when

election is conducted for seats in the legislature

voting is by proxy

election result is decided by the Judiciary

elected representatives vote on behlf of the electorate

there is rigging of elections

Answer Details

An indirect election takes place when the elected representatives vote on behalf of the electorate. In other words, instead of voters directly electing their representatives, they choose delegates or electors who then cast their vote on their behalf. This type of election is often used for selecting members of an upper house of a legislature or for electing the head of state. The electors may be elected by the people or may be appointed by other elected officials. This system is used in many countries and is designed to ensure that the most qualified and experienced candidates are elected. However, indirect elections can also be subject to manipulation and influence by those with power or money, leading to accusations of rigging or corruption.

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The Electoral Process

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Question 10 Report

Which of the following Heads of State initiated the formation of ECOWAS?

Yakubu Gowon and Gnasingbe Eyadema

Dauda Jawara and Abdoul Diouf

Sekou Toure and Joseph Momoh

Thomas Sankara and Samuel Doe

Ahmadu Ahidjo and Paul Biya

Answer Details

The Head of State that initiated the formation of ECOWAS was Yakubu Gowon, the former military head of state of Nigeria, along with Gnassingbé Eyadéma, the former president of Togo. They were instrumental in the establishment of ECOWAS in 1975, which is the Economic Community of West African States. ECOWAS is a regional intergovernmental organization that promotes economic cooperation, regional integration, and peace and security among its member states. It currently has 15 member countries in West Africa.

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Forms Of Government

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Question 11 Report

Which of the following factors enhances the operation of the Rule of Law?

Well-equipped police force

Establishment of modern press

Independent judiciary

Enlightened citizens

Respect for the leaders

Answer Details

The factor that enhances the operation of the Rule of Law is an independent judiciary. An independent judiciary means that judges are not influenced by outside pressures or influences, and can make impartial and fair decisions based on the law. This is important for upholding the rule of law because it ensures that everyone is subject to the same laws and treated fairly, regardless of their status or position. A well-equipped police force, establishment of modern press, enlightened citizens, and respect for leaders may all contribute to a stable and functioning society, but they do not necessarily enhance the operation of the rule of law.

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Systems Of Governance

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Question 12 Report

The rationalization of the Civil Service in Nigeria could be traced to the

Nigerian Council of 1914

Clifford Constitution of 1922

Richard Constitution of 1946

General Conference of 1950

Lyttleton Constitution of 1954

Answer Details

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The Civil Service

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Question 13 Report

The main duty of the Civil Service Commission under the Nigerian Republican Constitution was

the retirement and settlement of pension for federal civil servants

advising the government on the establishment of new ministries

the appointment and promotion of judges

the recruitment, discipline and promotion of civil servants

determing the polices of each government department

Answer Details

The main duty of the Civil Service Commission under the Nigerian Republican Constitution was "the recruitment, discipline, and promotion of civil servants." The commission was responsible for ensuring that only qualified persons were appointed as civil servants, that they were fairly and effectively disciplined, and that they were promoted based on merit and seniority. The commission was established to promote efficiency, impartiality, and professionalism in the civil service.

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The Civil Service

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Question 14 Report

Fundamental human rights are entrenched in the Constitution of a state in order to

encourage unlimited freedom

enable the courts to punish offenders

restrict the liberty of citizens

make the government popular

guarantee the liberty of citizens

Answer Details

Fundamental human rights are entrenched in the Constitution of a state to guarantee the liberty of citizens. These rights are considered essential to ensure that individuals have the freedom to live their lives without interference from the government or other individuals. By enshrining these rights in the Constitution, the government is obligated to protect them and prevent their violation by any individual or group. Having fundamental human rights also means that individuals can hold the government accountable for any breach of their rights, and they can seek redress through the courts. This, in turn, encourages good governance and prevents the abuse of power by those in authority. Therefore, guaranteeing the liberty of citizens is crucial to ensuring a just and fair society where all individuals have equal rights and opportunities.

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Constitution

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Question 15 Report

The principle for sharing the wealth of the nation among the different levels of government is called

delegated legislation

revenue allocation

bicameralism

checks and balances

taxation

Answer Details

Revenue allocation is the principle for sharing the wealth of the nation among the different levels of government. This is the process of distributing the revenue generated by the central government to the state and local governments. The revenue allocation formula is usually determined by a federal government committee which takes into account factors such as population, land mass, internally generated revenue, and other criteria. The objective of revenue allocation is to ensure that each level of government has the resources it needs to provide services and improve the well-being of its citizens.

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Structures Of Governance

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Question 16 Report

Which of the following is a result of nationalist activities in French West Africa?

Indigenat

Free Trade

Negritude

Direct Rule

The Loi Cadre

Answer Details

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Nationalism In Candidates’ Respective Countries

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Question 17 Report

Nigeria belongs to all the following international organization except the

Organiztion of African Unity (OAU)

United Nation Organization (UNO)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Answer Details

Nigeria is a member of several international organizations, including the OAU, UNO, OPEC, and ECOWAS. However, Nigeria is not a member of NATO, which is primarily a military alliance of North American and European countries for collective defense purposes.

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Question 18 Report

The Judiciary independent when judges are

popularly elected into political offices

free to join any political party of their choice

free from external control and interference

empowered to amend the national constitution

absolutely free to control the Executive and Legislature

Answer Details

The independence of the judiciary is crucial for the effective functioning of a democratic system. Judges are considered independent when they are free from external control and interference. This means that they are not subject to pressure or influence from the government or any other political or private entities. The independence of judges allows them to make decisions based on the law and the evidence presented in court, rather than on political or other considerations. Therefore, an independent judiciary is essential for protecting individual rights, ensuring the rule of law, and maintaining a fair and impartial legal system.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 19 Report

For an Electoral Commission to conduct a free and fair election, it must be

controlled by the government

funded by only one of the political parties

an importial and independent body

supervised by a governmnet agency

headed by a Justice of the Supreme Court

Answer Details

For an Electoral Commission to conduct a free and fair election, it must be an impartial and independent body. This means that the Electoral Commission should not be controlled by the government or funded by only one of the political parties, but rather should operate independently and without bias towards any political party or candidate. The Electoral Commission should be responsible for ensuring that the election process is fair, transparent, and free from any form of manipulation or interference. It should have the authority to supervise and regulate the entire electoral process, including voter registration, candidate nomination, campaign finance, and vote counting. The commission should be headed by a competent and neutral individual, but not necessarily a Justice of the Supreme Court. Overall, the independence and impartiality of the Electoral Commission are essential for ensuring that the election results accurately reflect the will of the people and that the democratic process is upheld.

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Question 20 Report

The first political party in Nigeria was formed by

Chief Obafemi Awolowo

Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe

Chief H.O. Davies

Alhaji Aminu Kano

Sir Herbert Macaulay

Answer Details

The first political party in Nigeria was formed by Sir Herbert Macaulay. He founded the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) in 1923, which was the first political party in Nigeria. The NNDP was established to represent the interests of the educated elite in Lagos, and it sought to promote the political and economic advancement of the Nigerian people. Macaulay was a prominent nationalist and a key figure in the struggle for Nigerian independence. He was known for his advocacy of democratic principles and his commitment to social justice. Under his leadership, the NNDP became the most influential political party in Nigeria in the 1930s and 1940s, and it laid the foundation for the emergence of other political parties in the country.

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Question 21 Report

A bye-election is conducted when

the Parliament is dissovled

the Chief Justice resigns or dies

a Minister resigns

the military takes over government

some vacant seats exist in Parliament

Answer Details

A bye-election is conducted when some vacant seats exist in Parliament. A bye-election is a special election held to fill a seat in Parliament that has become vacant between general elections. The vacancy may arise due to the death, resignation, or disqualification of a sitting Member of Parliament, or in some cases, the expulsion of a Member of Parliament. The bye-election is held in the specific constituency or riding where the vacancy has occurred, and voters in that constituency are given the opportunity to elect a new representative to fill the vacant seat.

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Question 22 Report

Constitutionalism emphasizes that those who govern the state should do so according to

their whims and caprices

laid-down rules of public beviour

the direction of judges

the dictates of their egos

dictates of their critics

Answer Details

Constitutionalism emphasizes that those who govern the state should do so according to laid-down rules of public behavior. This means that those in power should not act based on their whims and caprices, their egos, or the direction of judges or critics. Instead, they should abide by the rules and principles set out in the constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. This includes respecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, upholding the rule of law, promoting social justice, and ensuring good governance. By following these guidelines, those in power can create a stable and just society where everyone can thrive.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 23 Report

An electoral college refers to

training school for electoral officers

medium of indiect election

means of educating the electorate

place where public opinion is formed

process by which party leaders acquire knowledge

Answer Details

An electoral college refers to a medium of indirect election. In this system, rather than the citizens directly electing their leaders, they elect representatives who then cast their votes on behalf of the citizens. These representatives are known as electors, and their votes collectively determine the outcome of the election. The electoral college system is used in some countries, including the United States, to elect their presidents.

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The Electoral Process

The Electoral Systems, Processes And Electoral Management Body

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Question 24 Report

The constitution of federal system is usually

written and rigid

superior in content

difficult to understand

for the use of the federal government only

suspended for a general elections

Answer Details

A constitution of a federal system is usually written and rigid. In a federal system, there are two levels of government: the central/federal government and the state/regional governments. The constitution outlines the powers and responsibilities of each level of government, as well as the relationship between them. A written constitution means that the constitution is in a formal, written document that outlines the fundamental principles and laws of the federal system. A rigid constitution means that it can only be amended through a special process that is usually more difficult than the normal legislative process, which helps to maintain the balance of power between the different levels of government. Therefore, the constitution of a federal system is usually written and rigid to ensure that the powers of the federal and state governments are clearly defined, and to provide a stable and predictable legal framework for the citizens and governments of the federation.

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Constitution

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Question 25 Report

An international which has former British colonies as its member is the

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

Economic Community west African States (ECOWAS)

United Nations Organization (UNO)

Community of Nations

European Economic Community (EEC)

Answer Details

The international organization which has former British colonies as its member is the "Community of Nations," also known as the "Commonwealth of Nations." It is a political association of 54 member states, nearly all of which are former territories of the British Empire. The Commonwealth is committed to promoting democracy, human rights, and economic development across its member countries. Its activities are coordinated through the Commonwealth Secretariat, which is headquartered in London, England.

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Question 26 Report

Membership of pressure groups is usually limited because they

pursue specific and narrow objectives

seek unlimited freedom their members

promote other people's interests

are not patriotic

have dictatoral leaders

Answer Details

Membership of pressure groups is usually limited because these groups pursue specific and narrow objectives. Unlike political parties, which seek to represent a broad range of interests and concerns, pressure groups are focused on achieving a particular goal or set of goals. As a result, their membership is typically limited to those individuals who share these specific objectives and are willing to work towards achieving them. This allows pressure groups to be more effective in advocating for their cause, as they are able to mobilize a smaller, more dedicated group of supporters. Additionally, pressure groups often require a high level of commitment from their members, which can limit the number of people who are willing or able to join. However, this does not necessarily mean that pressure groups are not patriotic or that they have dictatorial leaders. It simply reflects the fact that these groups are focused on achieving a particular goal, rather than representing a broad range of interests.

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Pressure Groups

Pressure Groups, Public Opinion And Mass Media

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Question 27 Report

Which of the following comprises the President, the Ministers, the Civil Servants and the Police? The

Armed Forces

Judiciary

Legislature

Exective

Council of States

Answer Details

The President, the Ministers, the Civil Servants, and the Police make up the Executive branch of government. The Executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws and policies that are passed by the Legislature. The President is the head of the Executive branch and serves as the chief executive of the country, with the power to appoint and dismiss Ministers and Civil Servants. The Ministers are responsible for overseeing different sectors or departments of the government, while the Civil Servants carry out the day-to-day operations of the government. The Police, as a part of the Executive branch, are responsible for maintaining law and order and enforcing the laws of the country. The Executive branch works closely with the Legislature and the Judiciary, which make up the other two branches of government, to ensure that the government functions effectively and efficiently.

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Arms Of Government

The Civil Service

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Question 28 Report

Fascist movement has its origin in

Germany

Italy

Spain

The defunct Soviet Union

Japan

Answer Details

The Fascist movement originated in Italy in the early 20th century. Fascism is a political ideology that emphasizes authoritarianism, nationalism, and militarism. The founder of the Fascist movement was Benito Mussolini, who rose to power in Italy in 1922. The Fascist movement was a response to the political and social instability that followed World War I in Europe. Mussolini believed that Italy needed a strong leader who could restore order and national pride. He developed a political philosophy that combined extreme nationalism, aggressive militarism, and a rejection of democracy. The Fascist movement quickly gained support in Italy, and Mussolini became the country's leader in 1922. He created a one-party state and suppressed all opposition. Mussolini's government was characterized by extreme authoritarianism, censorship, and the use of violence to suppress dissent. The Fascist movement in Italy served as a model for similar movements in other countries, including Germany and Spain. These movements shared many of the same characteristics as Italian Fascism, including extreme nationalism, militarism, and rejection of democracy. In summary, the Fascist movement originated in Italy in the early 20th century and was led by Benito Mussolini. It was a response to the political and social instability that followed World War I in Europe and emphasized authoritarianism, nationalism, and militarism. The Fascist movement in Italy served as a model for similar movements in other countries, including Germany and Spain.

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Political Ideologies

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Question 29 Report

Government as an institution of the state means the

method of organizing parties and preasure group

process of decision-making in a society

methods of resolution of conflicts among the people

structures and sysytems for decision-making in society

method of recruiting political leaders

Answer Details

Government as an institution of the state means the structures and systems for decision-making in society. It refers to the formal organization of a society that has the authority to make, implement and enforce laws, rules and regulations that govern the behavior of its citizens. The government is responsible for managing public affairs and providing public goods and services to its citizens. This includes functions such as defense, law enforcement, education, healthcare, transportation, and infrastructure development. The government is also responsible for regulating economic activities, maintaining social order, and providing social services to the citizens. It is a means of achieving collective goals and objectives in a society. In summary, government as an institution of the state refers to the formal organization that has the authority to make, implement, and enforce laws and regulations in order to manage public affairs and provide public goods and services to its citizens.

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Systems Of Governance

Structures Of Governance

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Question 30 Report

Nigeria relation with other countries are determined largely by the

national interest

political culture

traditional rulers

opinions of exporters

trade unions

Answer Details

Nigeria's relations with other countries are largely determined by its national interest. This means that Nigeria's foreign policies are geared towards promoting and protecting its national interests, such as political, economic, and security interests. Nigeria's foreign policy decisions are based on the principle of non-alignment and the promotion of African unity and cooperation. Political culture, traditional rulers, opinions of exporters, and trade unions may influence Nigeria's foreign policy decisions to some extent, but the primary factor is always the country's national interest.

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Question 31 Report

The idea of separation of powers as a political concept was developed by

Louis Mostesquieu

A.V Dicey

Thomas Hobbes

Kar Marx

Jean Bodin

Answer Details

The idea of separation of powers was developed by French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, also known as Baron de Montesquieu. In his book "The Spirit of the Laws" published in 1748, he argued that the power of the government should be divided into separate branches to prevent any one person or group from becoming too powerful. Montesquieu suggested that these branches should be the legislative, executive, and judicial, with each branch having its own distinct powers and responsibilities. This idea has been influential in the development of modern democracies, including the United States Constitution, which is based on the principle of separation of powers.

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Arms Of Government

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Question 32 Report

Which of the following will produce a weak government

Coalition

Two-Party system

General elections

Presidential

Military

Answer Details

A coalition government is more likely to produce a weak government compared to other options. This is because a coalition government is formed when two or more political parties come together to govern a country. This often leads to a compromise between parties, which can result in slow decision-making and implementation of policies. The parties in the coalition may also have differing political ideologies, which can lead to internal disagreements and conflicts. As a result, the coalition government may struggle to push through reforms and policies, and may not be able to effectively govern the country. In contrast, other forms of government, such as a two-party system or a presidential system, have more stable structures and may be more efficient in implementing policies.

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Forms Of Government

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Question 33 Report

In a feudal system, the hierarchy of citizens is the king

nobles and lords

queen and lords

knights and nobles

serfs and knights

lords and serfs

Answer Details

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Question 34 Report

An alien could become a legal member of a state by

migration

employment

naturalization

socialization

conversion

Answer Details

An alien can become a legal member of a state by going through a process known as naturalization. Naturalization is the legal process by which a non-citizen becomes a citizen of a particular country. This process typically involves meeting certain requirements, such as living in the country for a specified period of time, passing a language and/or civics test, and demonstrating a commitment to the values and principles of the country. Once an alien has successfully completed the naturalization process, they are granted the same rights and privileges as native-born citizens, including the right to vote and hold public office. However, naturalization is not the only way for an alien to become a legal member of a state. Depending on the laws of the country in question, aliens may also be able to become legal members through migration, employment, socialization, or conversion to the predominant religion of the state.

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Citizenship

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Question 35 Report

The main objective of pressure group is to

fund election campaigns

change the government by violent means

influence government policies

change the mainfestos of all political parties

from the government

Answer Details

The main objective of a pressure group is to influence government policies without directly seeking to form the government or hold political power. Pressure groups are formed by individuals who share a common interest or goal and seek to influence decision-making processes of the government by lobbying, advocacy, and other forms of public engagement. The primary aim of a pressure group is to persuade those in power to change policies or take actions that would be beneficial to the group's interests or the broader society they represent. This is done through various means such as organizing protests, petitions, and other forms of activism that put pressure on decision-makers to take action.

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Pressure Groups

Pressure Groups, Public Opinion And Mass Media

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Question 36 Report

Which of the following is a pre-independence political party in Nigeria?

Nigerian Youth Movenment (NYM)

Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN)

Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU)

United Meddle Belt Congress (UMBC)

United Progressive Union (UPGA)

Answer Details

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Post – Independence Constitutions

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Question 37 Report

Which of the following is not a process in the transition from military to civilian rule?

Drafting of new constitution

Appointment of ministers

Setting up of a constituent assembly

Arrangement for and conduct of elections

Swearing in of a president

Answer Details

The process of transition from military to civilian rule involves several key steps to ensure a smooth transfer of power from the military government to a democratically elected civilian government. These steps typically include drafting a new constitution that defines the powers and functions of the new government, setting up a constituent assembly to draft and approve the new constitution, arranging and conducting elections to select new leaders, and finally, swearing in the new president and other elected officials. Of the options provided, appointment of ministers is not a process in the transition from military to civilian rule. While the appointment of ministers is an important step in forming a new civilian government, it typically occurs after the transition has already taken place, as ministers are selected by the new president or prime minister once they are in office.

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Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries.

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Question 38 Report

Tow -Party system implies that the only two parties

exist in the country

can contest elections

can from a coalition

can register members

are capable of caputuring power

Answer Details

A two-party system means that there are only two dominant political parties in a country that have significant support from voters and can compete in elections at a national level. It does not necessarily mean that these two parties are the only ones allowed to exist or form coalitions with other parties. However, in practice, a two-party system tends to make it difficult for smaller parties to gain a foothold and win elections. Additionally, while the two dominant parties may not always be the ones in power, they are usually the most likely to be able to capture power.

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Question 39 Report

One of the features of Local Government Reforms of 1976 in Nigeria is the

reduction of financial aids to local governments

establishment of local government police

establishment of traditional institutions in each local govements

introduction of full-time chairmen and supervisory councillors

re-introduction of divisional councils

Answer Details

One of the features of the Local Government Reforms of 1976 in Nigeria was the introduction of full-time chairmen and supervisory councillors. Prior to this reform, local governments in Nigeria were managed by part-time officials who held other jobs outside of their positions in the local government. The introduction of full-time officials was intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of local government administration. Supervisory councillors were also introduced to oversee the activities of the local government chairmen and ensure that they carried out their responsibilities in accordance with the law. This feature of the 1976 local government reform is seen as an important step towards strengthening local government administration in Nigeria.

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Local Government

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Question 40 Report

Who among the following is a civil servant in Nigeria?

The managing director of a bank

A director in the Ministry of Defence

A major in the Army

A Commissioner of Police

A Pilot with the Nigerian Airways

Answer Details

A civil servant in Nigeria is a person who is employed by the government in the civil service to carry out administrative and managerial tasks. Based on this definition, the person among the following who is a civil servant in Nigeria is a director in the Ministry of Defence. The managing director of a bank is a private sector employee, a major in the Army is a military officer, a Commissioner of Police is a member of the Nigeria Police Force, and a Pilot with the Nigerian Airways is an employee of the national carrier.

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The Civil Service

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Question 41 Report

The ability of leaders make and enforce decisions in a state is called

sovereignty

political power

socialization

legitimacy

democratic process

Answer Details

The ability of leaders to make and enforce decisions within a state is called political power. This power is granted to them through various means, such as a constitution, laws, or popular consent. Political power allows leaders to shape the policies and laws of a state, and to enforce them through institutions like the police or military. The extent of political power can vary greatly between different forms of government, with some granting more power to individual leaders, while others distribute power more equally among different branches or levels of government. Ultimately, the exercise of political power can greatly impact the lives of citizens, making it an important concept in political science and governance.

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Basic Concepts And Principles Of Government

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Question 42 Report

Political parties mobilize the support of the electorate by

promoting violence

campaigning

rigging elections

encouraging coup d'etats

making laws

Answer Details

Political parties mobilize the support of the electorate by campaigning. This involves communicating their political platform, values, and vision to the public through various means such as rallies, advertisements, and media appearances. Parties also use campaigning to differentiate themselves from other parties and to highlight their strengths and achievements. In addition to campaigning, parties also engage in grassroots organizing, such as door-to-door canvassing, to build support and establish personal connections with voters. Parties may also engage in alliances or coalitions with other parties or interest groups to broaden their base of support. It is important to note that political parties should engage in legal and peaceful means of mobilizing support, as promoting violence, rigging elections, and encouraging coup d'etats are not acceptable practices and can lead to political instability and unrest.

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Question 43 Report

Regionalism was fully operated in NIgeria by the

Clifford Constitution

Macpherson Constitution

Richard Constitution

Republican Constitution

Independence Constitution

Answer Details

Regionalism was fully operated in Nigeria by the Richard Constitution. The Richard Constitution was introduced in 1946 during the British colonial rule of Nigeria. The Constitution created a federal system of government, which divided Nigeria into three regions: the Northern Region, the Western Region, and the Eastern Region. Each region had its own government and legislature, with significant powers over local affairs. The introduction of regionalism was a significant departure from the previous system of centralized government, which had been in place before the Richard Constitution. Regionalism allowed for greater local control and autonomy, which was seen as a way to accommodate the diversity of Nigeria's ethnic groups and their different political aspirations. Under the Richard Constitution, each region had its own constitution and a governor appointed by the British colonial government. However, the Constitution also included provisions that ensured the ultimate authority of the British colonial government over Nigeria. For example, the governor-general, appointed by the British monarch, had the power to veto any legislation passed by the regional governments. In summary, regionalism was fully operated in Nigeria by the Richard Constitution, which created a federal system of government and divided Nigeria into three regions. While regionalism allowed for greater local control and autonomy, it also ensured the ultimate authority of the British colonial government over Nigeria.

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Constitution

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Question 44 Report

An international organization which has mainly economic matters as its objectives is the

Commonwealth of Nations

League of Nations

United Nations Organization

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Organization of African Unity

Answer Details

The Organization which has mainly economic matters as its objectives is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1960, which consists of 14 member countries that are primarily oil-producing nations. The main objective of OPEC is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers and a regular supply for consumers. OPEC seeks to promote international cooperation in the petroleum industry, to ensure that petroleum resources are managed in a sustainable manner, and to contribute to the economic growth and development of its member countries. OPEC is primarily concerned with economic matters related to the petroleum industry and is not a general-purpose international organization like the United Nations Organization or the League of Nations.

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Question 45 Report

Neutrality of civil servants implies that they should

belong to political parties of their choice

be recruited on the basis of merit

serve any government loyally

be appointed on permanent basis

not be liable to blame or praise for their actions

Answer Details

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Question 46 Report

The General Conference of 1950 on Nigeria was held in

Ibadan

London

Enugu

New York

Jos

Answer Details

The General Conference of 1950 on Nigeria was held in Ibadan. The conference was a significant event in Nigeria's history, where delegates from various regions of the country gathered to discuss the future of Nigeria and its political structure. The conference was held in the University College, Ibadan, and was presided over by the Governor-General of Nigeria, Sir John Stuart Macpherson. The conference was convened to consider the Richards Constitution, which was introduced in 1946, and to discuss proposals for a new constitution for Nigeria. Delegates at the conference discussed issues such as regionalism, the creation of a central government, and the need for Nigeria to gain independence from British colonial rule. The conference led to the establishment of the Macpherson Constitution, which provided a framework for Nigeria's governance until independence in 1960. In summary, the General Conference of 1950 on Nigeria was held in Ibadan and was a significant event in the country's history. It helped to shape the political structure of Nigeria and laid the foundation for the country's eventual independence.

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Relations With African Countries

Constitutional Development In Nigeria

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Question 47 Report

A Nigerian may lose his Citizenship if he

is convicted for a criminal offence

renounces it in exchange for another

loses his international passport

is deported from a foreign country

fails to pay his taxes

Answer Details

A Nigerian may lose his citizenship if he renounces it in exchange for another citizenship. Renouncing Nigerian citizenship means giving up the rights and privileges that come with being a Nigerian citizen, including the right to live, work and vote in Nigeria. This is often done when an individual acquires citizenship of another country. If a Nigerian citizen voluntarily renounces his or her citizenship, he or she will lose all rights associated with Nigerian citizenship. However, being convicted for a criminal offence, losing an international passport, being deported from a foreign country or failing to pay taxes does not automatically lead to loss of Nigerian citizenship. Nigerian citizenship is a right conferred by birth or by registration, and it can only be voluntarily renounced.

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Citizenship

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Question 48 Report

Lobbying mainly involves the application of pressure on

people in commerce through monetyary gifts

legislators through material gifts

people in government throught persasive arguments

legislator by intimidation and blackmail

trade unions offer of gift

Answer Details

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Pressure Groups

Pressure Groups, Public Opinion And Mass Media

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Question 49 Report

The political culture of the country is said to be participatory if individuals are

interested in voting and contesting elections

not allowd to criticize the government

not allowed to join political parties finance by the Governmnet

not allowed to vote

Answer Details

A participatory political culture is one in which individuals are interested in voting and contesting elections. In such a culture, citizens actively participate in the political process and engage with their government. They are encouraged to vote and have a say in the political decisions that affect their lives. This kind of political culture fosters democracy, transparency, and accountability, and it is generally seen as desirable for a healthy and functional society.

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The Electoral Process

Political Ideologies

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Question 50 Report

Impeachment as an instrument of check on the Executive is useful mainly in a

federal system

cabinet system

unitary system

presidential system

republican system

Answer Details

Impeachment as an instrument of check on the Executive is useful mainly in a presidential system. In a presidential system, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government. The President is elected directly by the people and exercises substantial power, which may lead to abuse of power. Impeachment provides a mechanism for the legislature to hold the President accountable for any wrongdoing, such as gross misconduct, abuse of power, or violation of the law. The process involves the initiation of charges by the House of Representatives and a trial in the Senate, with removal from office as the ultimate penalty if the charges are proven. The use of impeachment as a check on the Executive is less applicable in other systems of government, such as the unitary system, where power is centralized in the hands of a single executive, and the cabinet system, where the executive power is exercised collectively by the cabinet.

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Citizenship

State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

Constitutions

Organs Of Government

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Question 51 Report

Under a federal system of government , a citizen living in any part of the country is expected to obey laws made by the

Federal Government only

Federal and Local Governments

Local Government only

Federal, State and Local Government

Federal and State Governmnet s

Answer Details

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State Structure And Characteristics Of Government

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Question 52 Report

A constitution can be defined as

the rules guiding parliamentary procedures

a legal document to guide judges

the constituent elements of a contractual agreement

all written laws of a state

the rules guiding the affairs of an institution of society

Answer Details

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Forms Of Government

Basic Concepts And Principles Of Government

Constitution

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Question 53 Report

One of the problems of military administrations in West Africa is that soldiers

are represntatives of the people

lack of discipline

are not well organized

are not trained for governance

are young but experienced

Answer Details

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Military Rule In The Candidates’ Respective Countries.

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Question 54 Report

Which of the following was a requirement for suffrage under the first elections in Nigeria in 1923?

A minimum income of ƹ100 per annum

12-month residence in Europe

24-month residence in the capital city

Being a male adult and legally married

Status of a British citizen

Answer Details

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The Electoral Process

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Question 55 Report

One defect of the Macpherson Constitution was that

franchise was still limited to Logas and Calabar

Nigeria were not given representation in the Parliament

Nigeria ministers were not charged withfull ministrial responsibility

Nigerians were not consulted before introducing the constitution

Nigerians could not discuss their own affairs in the regional assemblies

Answer Details

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Constitutional Development In Nigeria

Institutions Of Government In The Post-Independence Era

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Question 56 Report

Where was Indirect Rule successfully practised before it was introduced to Africa?

Latin America

India

Britain

Japan

USA

Answer Details

Indirect rule was successfully practiced before it was introduced to Africa in India. The British colonial government in India used indirect rule to maintain control over the country. Under this system, the British government relied on local rulers or elites to govern on their behalf, rather than directly ruling the country themselves. The British government would support and empower local rulers or elites, providing them with authority and resources to govern their respective regions. This approach was seen as a more cost-effective and less intrusive way of maintaining control over large and diverse territories. The success of indirect rule in India led the British to introduce it in other parts of their empire, including Africa.

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Colonial Administration

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Question 57 Report

The French policy of Assimilation attempted to

use chiefs as intermediaries between the government and the citizens

Africanize the civil service

make the Africans think and behave like French citizens

allow Africans develop on their own

establish legislative councils for the Africans

Answer Details

The French policy of Assimilation attempted to make the Africans think and behave like French citizens. Assimilation was a colonial policy adopted by the French in Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries, which aimed to transform the colonies into extensions of France itself. This policy required the Africans to adopt French language, culture, and values, and to assimilate into French society. It involved a process of forced acculturation, which was achieved through the establishment of French schools, the imposition of French laws and institutions, and the exclusion of African cultures and traditions. The policy of Assimilation was criticized for its disregard of African cultures and traditions, and its promotion of a one-size-fits-all approach to governance. It was eventually abandoned in the mid-20th century, in favor of a more decentralized approach to colonial rule.

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Arms Of Government

Forms Of Government