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Question 1 Report
The Gezira scheme and the Manaquil Extension are famous for the cultivation of
Answer Details
The **Gezira Scheme** and the **Manaquil Extension** are famous for the cultivation of **cotton**. These agricultural projects are located in **Sudan** and are among the largest irrigation projects in the world dedicated to agriculture.
The Gezira Scheme utilizes the waters of the **Blue Nile** to irrigate the land, making it suitable for growing cash crops. The scheme's infrastructure, including an extensive network of canals and ditches, supports the broad-scale cultivation of cotton. Similarly, the Manaquil Extension enhanced the irrigation reach, further bolstering cotton agriculture.
**Cotton** is highly suitable for growth in the hot climate of Sudan, especially under irrigation, as it requires a long growing season with plenty of sunshine and water. This makes it an ideal crop for the region, contributing significantly to Sudan's economy through both local use and export. Additionally, cotton plays a crucial role in the livelihood of many farmers in the region, being a major source of income.
Cultivating cotton in **Gezira** and **Manaquil** not only supports the textile industry but also generates employment for thousands of people engaged in farming, processing, and trade.
Question 2 Report
Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
Answer Details
The term fossil fuel refers to energy sources that come from the remains of ancient plants and animals, buried and subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years. These fuels are primarily composed of carbon and include materials like coal, oil, and natural gas.
Among the options given:
Therefore, the correct answer is Lignite because it belongs to the category of fossil fuels. Lignite is formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago, which makes it a source of stored energy that can be burned for heat and power.
Question 3 Report
Which of the following lines of latitudes divides the earth into two hemispheres
Answer Details
The line of latitude that divides the Earth into two hemispheres is the Equator. The Equator is an imaginary line that is drawn around the middle of the Earth. It is equidistant from the North and South Poles, and it is located at 0 degrees latitude.
Because it sits exactly halfway between the poles, the Equator splits the Earth into two equal parts: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The land and water areas located to the north of the Equator make up the Northern Hemisphere, while those located to the south comprise the Southern Hemisphere.
The importance of the Equator is not just in the division of hemispheres; it also plays a crucial role in climate. Regions located near the Equator typically experience a tropical climate with minimal temperature variations year-round.
In contrast, lines like the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are found north and south of the Equator, respectively, and they define the limits of the tropical zone. The Antarctic Circle is situated further south and marks a different climatic boundary.
Question 4 Report
A geyser is best described as/an
Answer Details
A geyser is best described as a fountain of superheated steam. This natural phenomenon occurs when water that is trapped beneath the Earth's surface is heated by geothermal activity, such as volcanic activity, deep underground. As the water is heated, it turns into steam and builds up pressure. This pressure eventually forces the steam and hot water to be expelled violently from the ground in a dramatic outburst, creating a fountain-like effect.
Let's break this down a bit more:
This distinct eruption is what characterizes a geyser and differentiates it from other geothermal features like hot springs or thermal pools, which do not erupt but simply release heat gradually into the water.
Question 5 Report
An example of an organically formed sedimentary rock is
Answer Details
An example of an organically formed sedimentary rock is coal.
Coal is formed from the remains of dead plants that accumulated in ancient swamps and wetlands. Over millions of years, these plant materials were buried under layers of sediment. As more layers built up on top, the increased pressure and heat transformed the plant remains into coal. The process involved is known as biochemical sedimentation, where organic materials are compacted and altered to form rock.
This is in contrast to the other options:
To summarize, coal is the organically formed sedimentary rock among these options because it originates from ancient plant material that has undergone compaction and chemical transformation over time.
Question 6 Report
Which activity requires the following? I. Large area of land usually in thousands of hectares II. Availability of water either in the form of rain or irrigation III. High capital outlay
Answer Details
The activity that requires a large area of land usually in thousands of hectares, availability of water either in the form of rain or irrigation, and a high capital outlay is plantation agriculture. Let me explain why:
Large Area of Land: Plantation agriculture involves the cultivation of crops on a very large scale, often requiring thousands of hectares. This is necessary to achieve economies of scale and produce significant quantities of a specific crop such as tea, coffee, sugarcane, rubber, or oil palm.
Availability of Water: Crops grown on plantations need adequate water supply to thrive. This can be provided by regular rainfall or through irrigation systems. Thus, plantations are often located in regions with favorable climatic conditions or equipped with efficient water management systems.
High Capital Outlay: Establishing a plantation requires a significant initial investment. This includes procuring land and machinery, setting up irrigation systems, and maintaining infrastructure. Furthermore, plantations often rely on the employment of many workers and the use of advanced agricultural techniques, which also contribute to the high cost.
In contrast, the other activities mentioned do not primarily rely on these three factors to the same extent. For example, lumbering involves harvesting trees, which may also require substantial land area, but does not necessarily need irrigation. Tourism industry might require watering systems for landscaping, but its focus is more on site attractions. Finally, while mining requires high capital outlay and can cover large areas of land, it does not depend on the availability of irrigation systems like plantation agriculture does.
Question 7 Report
Which of the following features is shared by Hong Kong, Java and Manhattan?
Answer Details
Hong Kong, Java, and Manhattan all share the feature of having a **high population density**. These regions are known for their concentrated population in relatively small areas. Here is a simple explanation for each:
In summary, the common feature among these locations is their **high population density**, where large numbers of people reside and engage in various activities within limited geographic spaces.
Question 8 Report
The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as
Answer Details
The system of cultivation of tropical commercial crops estates is known as plantation agriculture.
Plantation agriculture is a type of farming where a single crop, often a cash crop, is grown on a large area of land. This method is commonly seen in tropical areas where conditions favor the growth of certain commercial crops like tea, coffee, rubber, cocoa, and palm oil.
The defining characteristics of plantation agriculture include:
This system significantly contributes to the economies of tropical regions by generating foreign exchange and providing employment opportunities.
Question 9 Report
Which of the following environmental hazards is due primarily to human activities?
Answer Details
The environmental hazard that is due primarily to human activities is ozone depletion.
The ozone layer is a protective shield in the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. The thinning of the ozone layer is mainly caused by the release of man-made chemicals. The most significant contributors to this environmental hazard are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS) which have been used in refrigeration, air conditioning, foam production, and aerosol propellants. When these chemicals reach the stratosphere, they break down ozone molecules, leading to what is known as the "ozone hole."
In contrast, the other environmental hazards listed—hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions—are natural phenomena. While human activities can influence the severity or impact of these events, such as through climate change exacerbating the intensity of hurricanes or human settlement in earthquake-prone areas, they are not primarily caused by human actions.
Question 10 Report
The part of the earth's crust that is covered by oceans and seas is called
Answer Details
The part of the earth's crust that is covered by oceans and seas is called the hydrosphere.
Let's break it down logically:
Therefore, the term that correctly describes the part of the Earth's crust covered by water bodies like oceans and seas is the hydrosphere.
Question 11 Report
'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?
Answer Details
The port described in the statement is an entrepôt. An entrepôt is a type of port or a trading post where goods are imported, stored, and then re-exported. It acts as a key transfer point in international trade, allowing products to be redistributed to neighboring countries. This concept operates on the idea that items arrive in bulk and then are sent out again, perhaps even modified or repackaged, often without the goods being subject to customs duties. In essence, an entrepôt streamlines the movement of goods, facilitating international commerce and boosting trade networks.
Question 12 Report
The world's busiest shipping routes are on the
Answer Details
The world's busiest shipping routes are found on the Atlantic Ocean. This ocean plays a crucial role in global trade and transportation due to several factors:
While other oceans like the Pacific and Indian Oceans are also important for global trade, the Atlantic Ocean remains particularly significant due to its connectivity and the economic powerhouses it links. The Antarctic Circle is not a major route due to its harsh environmental conditions and minimal human inhabitation, which reduces commercial sea traffic in that region.
Question 13 Report
Which of the following are best explains the drift of population from rural to the cities in Nigeria?
Answer Details
The movement of population from rural areas to cities, commonly known as urbanization, is influenced by several factors, particularly economic and social opportunities. In the context of Nigeria, one of the most significant reasons is due to the availability of more job opportunities in the cities. Urban centers often offer a greater variety of employment possibilities compared to rural areas. These opportunities can be in industries, services, or various sectors requiring skilled and unskilled labor.
Economic development tends to be concentrated in cities, attracting individuals seeking better employment prospects and higher income potential. Many people move to urban areas in search of work that they cannot find in their rural hometowns, where agriculture may be the predominant source of livelihood with limited economic diversification.
Moreover, cities in Nigeria typically provide better recreational facilities and services than rural areas. These include access to modern amenities such as shopping centers, cinemas, sports facilities, and cultural events, which contribute to a higher quality of life. This aspect is appealing, particularly to younger generations, creating an added incentive for migration.
The other factors mentioned, such as food scarcity in rural areas, might contribute to migration but are often secondary compared to the employment factor. Many rural areas have agricultural activities, so food scarcity is not the primary reason; instead, it's the lack of economic opportunities that often triggers the movement.
Finally, while it is true that the cost of living in the cities is very high, especially in terms of housing and services, this is not a reason that attracts people to move. In fact, it might be a deterrent. Nonetheless, the potential for better income and lifestyle improvement in cities often outweighs the high cost of living for many migrants.
Question 14 Report
Answer Details
To determine which option is not a proof of the Earth's spherical shape, let's examine each one:
Twilight and Dawn: Twilight and dawn occur when the Earth rotates, and the sun is below the horizon. The gradual increase or decrease in light during these times is due to the atmosphere bending or scattering sunlight. While this phenomenon is observed worldwide, it by itself doesn't directly indicate a spherical Earth. Instead, it emphasizes the Earth's rotation, which is consistent with a spherical shape.
Lunar Eclipse: During a lunar eclipse, when the Earth is directly between the sun and the moon, the Earth casts a shadow on the moon. This shadow is observed as a circular shape, which provides direct evidence that the Earth is spherical.
Aerial Photograph: Aerial photographs, when taken from a sufficient altitude, can show the curvature of the Earth. Photographs taken from high altitudes give visual evidence of the Earth's curved surface, supporting the spherical shape.
Sunrise and Sunset: The occurrence of sunrise and sunset happens due to the Earth's rotation on its axis. As the Earth rotates, different parts of the world experience sunlight and darkness. This rotation is consistent with the global experience of a spherical planet.
Conclusion: While all the listed phenomena have some connection to the Earth's rotation and shape, **twilight and dawn** do not directly serve as a proof of the Earth's spherical shape. They are more indicative of the rotational aspect and atmospheric effects rather than the shape itself.
Question 15 Report
A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is an
Answer Details
A line joining places having an equal degree of cloudiness is called an isoneph.
To understand this better, let's break down some related terms:
So, when we are specifically talking about cloudiness, the correct term and line is an isoneph. This is useful in meteorology for visualizing and analyzing patterns of cloud coverage across different regions.
Question 16 Report
Sills, dykes and batholiths are examples of
Answer Details
Sills, dykes, and batholiths are examples of intrusive volcanic landforms. These are geological formations that are created below the Earth's surface from cooled and solidified magma.
Here's a simple explanation of each:
Sills are formed when magma intrudes between pre-existing layers of rock, creating a horizontal or near-horizontal sheet of solid rock. Over time, they cool and solidify, forming a flat or gently undulating body of igneous rock parallel to the layers it intruded.
Dykes occur when magma cuts across pre-existing rock layers, forming a vertical or steeply inclined body of rock. They act as pathways for magma movement and can be seen as wall-like structures that cut through layers of surrounding rock.
Batholiths are massive formations created when large amounts of magma slowly cool and solidify deep beneath the Earth's surface over a long period. These large rock bodies can cover thousands of square kilometers and are often exposed at the surface after extensive erosion.
All of these formations are created through the intrusion of magma into existing rock. As a result, they are classified as intrusive volcanic landforms, due to their origin beneath the Earth's surface, in contrast to extrusive volcanic landforms formed by lava cooling on the surface.
Question 17 Report
Sunrise and sunset are not proofs that the Earth is spherical in shape, as they can be observed on other celestial bodies as well.
Answer Details
Mercury and Venus are the two planets that lie between the Sun and Earth.
Question 18 Report
Cement factory is usually located near
Answer Details
The location of a cement factory is primarily influenced by its proximity to the source of raw materials. Cement production involves the use of abundant natural resources such as limestone, clay, and rock, which are crucial ingredients in the manufacturing process. These raw materials are usually heavy and bulky, making transportation costly. Therefore, by situating the cement factory near these resources, transportation costs can be minimized, leading to more efficient and cost-effective production. This proximity also ensures a steady and reliable supply of raw materials, which is essential for uninterrupted production.
Question 19 Report
The outer layer of the earth is called the
Answer Details
The outer layer of the Earth is called the crust. Let's understand this in simple terms:
The Earth is made up of several layers. Imagine the Earth like an onion with different layers, with each layer varying in composition and physical properties. The outermost of these layers is the crust.
The crust is similar to a thin shell around the Earth. It is very thin compared to the other layers and can be thought of as the Earth's skin. It is made up of solid rocks and minerals and is where we live and see landscapes, mountains, and oceans.
Below the crust is the mantle, which is much thicker and composed primarily of semi-solid rock. Therefore, when talking about the outermost layer, we refer specifically to the Earth's crust.
Question 20 Report
The development of hydro-electric power in Nigeria is least affected by the
Answer Details
The development of hydro-electric power in Nigeria is least affected by the availability of suitable sites for dams. While suitable sites are necessary for building dams, other factors such as a regular supply of water and high mountains are more critical for hydro-electric power development.
Question 21 Report
When the sun is directly overhead at the tropic of Capricorn (23 %, °) on 22nd December, the Northern Hemisphere experiences it's
Answer Details
On 22nd December, the sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere. This marks a significant event in both hemispheres.
In the Northern Hemisphere, this date corresponds to the **winter solstice**. Here's why:
The Earth is tilted on its axis by about 23.5 degrees. This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of the Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight depending on the planet's position in its orbit around the Sun.
During the winter solstice, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted farthest away from the Sun. As a result, it experiences the shortest day and the longest night of the year. The **winter solstice** marks the official start of winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
Thus, when the sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn on 22nd December, the Northern Hemisphere experiences its **winter solstice**.
Question 22 Report
The longest river in Africa is River
Answer Details
The longest river in Africa is the Nile River. The Nile River is renowned for its extraordinary length, stretching approximately 6,650 kilometers (about 4,130 miles). This majestic river traverses several countries in northeastern Africa, including Uganda, Sudan, and primarily Egypt. Its extensive reach makes it the longest river not only in Africa but also in the world, although there is some debate with the Amazon River.
The Nile plays a crucial role in the cultures and economies of the nations it flows through. In ancient Egypt, for instance, it was vital for agriculture, enabling civilizations to thrive by providing a reliable source of water and fertile land for farming. Today, the Nile continues to be a lifeline for millions of people, supporting agriculture, transport, and providing drinking water.
In contrast, the other rivers mentioned, such as the Zambezi, Senegal, and Congo, though significant in their own right, are shorter and do not match the extraordinary length of the Nile River.
Question 23 Report
Which of the following is not an element of climate?
Answer Details
To determine which of the listed items is not an element of climate, we need to understand what elements constitute climate. **Climate** refers to the average weather conditions of a place over a long period, typically 30 years or more. The primary elements that define climate include **temperature**, **precipitation**, **humidity**, **wind**, and **air pressure**. Let's go through the choices given:
Precipitation: This is an important element of climate as it refers to any form of moisture that falls from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, such as rain, snow, or sleet.
Air pressure: This is a crucial element of climate because it influences wind patterns and weather systems such as cyclones and anticyclones.
Altitude: This is not an element of climate; rather, it is a geographic factor that influences climate. As you go higher in altitude, temperatures typically decrease, which can affect the climate of a region, but altitude itself is not a climatic element.
Temperature: This is a fundamental element of climate, affecting the average warmth or coldness of a place over time.
Therefore, **altitude** is not an element of climate, but a factor that can influence the other elements like **temperature** and **precipitation**.
Question 24 Report
Rocks which have been formed by the cooling and solidification of molten magma are called
Answer Details
Rocks that are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma are called igneous rocks.
To put it simply, when rocks melt deep beneath the Earth's surface because of the high temperatures, they turn into a liquid called magma. This magma can sometimes rise to the surface in the form of lava. Once either the magma or lava cools down and becomes solid, it forms a new type of rock known as igneous rock.
These rocks can be formed inside the Earth when the magma cools slowly, creating large crystals, or on the Earth's surface, when the lava cools quickly, often resulting in smaller crystals. The word "igneous" comes from a Latin word meaning "fire," which appropriately describes how these rocks form from the hot, molten magma.
Question 25 Report
Answer Details
Quartzite, schist, and marble are all examples of metamorphic rocks.
Here's why:
Sedimentary Rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments, while Igneous Rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Volcanic rocks are a subset of igneous rocks that specifically form from lava at the earth's surface. Thus, quartzite, schist, and marble do not fall under these categories.
Question 26 Report
Which of the following climatic types is found on the western margins of continents between altitude 300 and 400 North and South of the Equator?
Answer Details
The climatic type found on the western margins of continents between latitudes 30° and 40° North and South of the Equator is the Mediterranean climate.
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by its unique seasonal weather pattern:
This type of climate is well-known for supporting specific kinds of ecosystems and is suitable for growing certain crops, such as olives, grapes, and wheat. Typical regions with a Mediterranean climate include the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea, parts of California in the United States, central Chile, the southern tip of South Africa, and southwestern Australia.
Question 27 Report
Which of the following is an effect of rural-urban migration on the source region?
Rural unemployment
Answer Details
Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas in search of better opportunities and living conditions. One of the main effects of this kind of migration is rural depopulation.
Here's why:
In summary, rural depopulation is one of the primary effects of rural-urban migration as it results in a decrease in the population of the rural areas being vacated.
Question 28 Report
The major problem facing the utilization of human resources in West Africa is
Answer Details
One of the major problems impacting the effective utilization of human resources in West Africa is unemployment.
Unemployment is a significant issue because it leads to several challenges that adversely affect both individuals and the economy at large. When people, especially those who are capable and willing to work, do not have jobs, it results in a waste of potential human resources. Let's break down a few reasons why unemployment is such a pressing problem:
Addressing unemployment requires collaborative efforts involving government policies, education systems, and private sector initiatives to create more job opportunities and develop skills that match the demands of the labor market. Therefore, unemployment remains a critical concern in achieving optimal utilization of human resources in West Africa.
Question 29 Report
One characteristic that distinguishes urban settlements from rural settlements is that
Answer Details
One characteristic that distinguishes urban settlements from rural settlements is that urban settlements are areas of secondary and tertiary activities.
Let's break this down:
To summarize, the primary distinction is that urban settlements focus on secondary and tertiary activities, providing goods and services, ultimately making them different in function and character from rural settlements, which focus more on primary activities.
Question 30 Report
A conurbation can best be described as
Answer Details
A conurbation is a term used to describe a group of cities, towns, or urban areas that have merged together to form a single urban entity, while still retaining their individual identities.
Question 31 Report
The solar system comprises the sun and
Answer Details
The solar system is a vast and fascinating system that centers around the Sun, a star that provides light and heat to all the celestial bodies that revolve around it. Understanding what other components make up the solar system is essential for grasping how our cosmic neighborhood operates.
There are eight major planets that orbit around the Sun. These planets, in their order from the closest to the farthest from the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each of these planets varies in size, composition, and distance from the Sun, but they all follow elliptical orbits.
In addition to the eight recognized planets, there are also dwarf planets, such as Pluto. Pluto was previously considered the ninth planet until it was reclassified as a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union in 2006 due to updated criteria that define what constitutes a planet.
Besides planets and dwarf planets, the solar system also contains a variety of other celestial bodies. These include moons, which are natural satellites that orbit planets; asteroids, which are small rocky bodies primarily located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter; and comets, which are icy bodies that have eccentric orbits bringing them close to the Sun occasionally.
In summary, the solar system comprises the Sun and eight planets, alongside other celestial bodies such as dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. Understanding the composition of the solar system helps us appreciate the complexity and grandeur of our cosmic environment.
Question 32 Report
Copper is an important raw material in the
Answer Details
Copper is an important raw material in the electrical industry. This is because copper is an excellent conductor of electricity, which means it allows electrical current to flow through it easily with minimal resistance. This property makes copper ideal for use in electrical wiring, motors, transformers, and other electrical components. Additionally, copper is highly durable, resistant to corrosion, and versatile, which further enhances its usefulness in electrical applications. The electrical industry relies heavily on copper to ensure reliable and efficient power transmission.
Question 33 Report
Answer Details
Life expectancy refers to the average age at which people die. It is a statistical measure that estimates the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current mortality rates. Life expectancy can vary significantly based on various factors such as geography, lifestyle, healthcare quality, and socioeconomic status. It serves as an important indicator of a population's overall health and quality of life.
Question 34 Report
All the following are causes of mechanical weathering except
Answer Details
Mechanical weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition. There are several causes of mechanical weathering, but not all processes that affect rocks are related to mechanical weathering.
The options listed include:
Temperature changes: This is a cause of mechanical weathering. When rocks are exposed to fluctuating temperatures, they expand when it's hot and contract when it's cold. Over time, these repeated expansions and contractions can cause the rocks to crack and break apart.
Frost action: Also known as freeze-thaw weathering, this is another form of mechanical weathering. Water can seep into cracks in the rocks, and as temperatures drop, the water freezes and expands. This expansion exerts pressure on the rock, gradually breaking it apart.
Alternate wetting and drying: This causes mechanical weathering by changing the volume of clay minerals found in some rocks. When these rocks get wet, the clay swells, and when dry, it contracts. This constant expansion and contraction lead to mechanical breakdown.
Rain action: This is not primarily a cause of mechanical weathering. While rain can contribute to weathering processes, such as chemical weathering where it reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds, its primary role in mechanical weathering is minimal compared to other factors.
Therefore, among the options provided, rain action is the one that is not a direct cause of mechanical weathering.
Question 35 Report
The climatic belts recognized by the Greek were
Answer Details
The ancient Greeks were pioneers in observing and classifying the Earth's climate zones. They recognized three primary climatic belts based on their understanding of the Earth's environment. These belts were:
Thus, the Greeks recognized these **three climatic belts**: Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid. This classification was an early attempt to systematically understand the Earth's climatic patterns using observable natural phenomena, such as sunlight and temperature differences.
Question 36 Report
All the following are problems of mining in Africa except
Answer Details
Mining in Africa faces several challenges, but understanding these issues helps in realizing the unique dynamics of the industry on the continent.
Inadequate Unskilled Labour: This is generally not a problem in Africa. The continent has a large population that provides sufficient unskilled labor for mining activities. Thus, an abundance of unskilled labor makes this factor not a significant issue for mining operations.
Use of Obsolete Technology: Many mining operations in Africa struggle with outdated or insufficient technology. This affects the efficiency and safety of mining activities, making it a significant challenge for the industry.
Shortage of Power: Power shortages are common in many African countries and can severely impact mining operations, which require consistent and significant energy for their activities. This is a critical challenge in mining across the continent.
Inadequate Foreign Capital: Many African nations experience difficulty in attracting sufficient foreign capital to invest in modernizing and expanding their mining sectors. This capital is crucial for technology upgrades and infrastructural development in the industry.
In summary, inadequate unskilled labour is not typically a problem for mining in Africa, whereas the other issues listed are significant challenges impacting the industry.
Question 37 Report
The angular distance of a point on the Earth's surface measured in degrees from the centre of the Earth east or west of the Greenwich Meridian is known as
Answer Details
The angular distance of a point on the Earth's surface measured in degrees from the centre of the Earth east or west of the Greenwich Meridian is known as longitude.
Let's break this down to make it simple:
Longitude lines are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole. The most important line is the Greenwich Meridian, also called the Prime Meridian, which is the reference point for measuring longitude. It is designated as zero degrees (0°) longitude. When you measure how far east or west a point is from the Prime Meridian, you are measuring the longitude.
This is different from latitude, which measures the distance north or south of the Equator. Longitude lines meet at the poles, whereas latitude lines are parallel to each other.
Overall, longitude helps us determine the precise location of a place on Earth by specifying how far east or west it is from the Prime Meridian.
Question 38 Report
Which of the following is not a sea route?
Answer Details
The route that is not a sea route is the one involving London, Moscow, and Baghdad.
Here's the explanation:
This is why the route from London, Moscow, and Baghdad is not a sea route.
Question 39 Report
A settlement developed at the meeting point of roads is known as a
Answer Details
A settlement developed at the meeting point of roads is known as a nodal town.
Let's break this down in a simple way:
In contrast, a port town develops around a harbor, a confluence town forms where rivers meet, and a gap town evolves in mountain pass regions. Thus, a town at the meeting point of roads is distinctly identified as a nodal town.
Question 40 Report
Which of the following best accounts for the decline in the importance of rail transport in Africa?
Answer Details
The decline in the importance of rail transport in Africa can be best explained by the high competition from road transport. Here's why:
Accessibility and Flexibility: Road transport is generally more accessible and flexible compared to railways. Roads are available in most areas of Africa, including rural regions, allowing goods and passengers to reach their destinations directly without requiring transfer between modes of transport.
Cost-Effectiveness: In many cases, road transport can be more cost-effective because it eliminates the need for transferring goods at several points. The initial investment in road infrastructure and vehicles can also be less than maintaining or upgrading railway networks.
Adaptability to Infrastructure Limitations: Many railways in Africa suffer from outdated infrastructure, which can hinder their efficiency and reliability. On the other hand, road transport can easily adapt to newer roads and infrastructures as they are developed.
Length of Transport Routes: Although Africa is a vast continent, many trade routes within countries or regions are more economically feasible with road transport, especially for short to medium distances.
Overall, while other factors such as the low volume of goods and potential retrenchment threats exist, the dominance and rapid improvement in the road transport sector particularly highlight why rail transport has seen a decline in relevance. The flexibility and economic viability of road transport often make it a more attractive choice for businesses and individuals alike.
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