JAMB UTME - Geography - 2023

Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of

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Water vapour is turned into water droplets by the process of **condensation**. Condensation occurs when water vapor, which is in the gaseous state, comes into contact with a cool surface or cool air. When the temperature of the water vapor decreases, the water molecules slow down and move closer together. This causes the water vapor to transform into liquid water, forming water droplets. To understand this process better, think of a glass of cold water on a warm day. As the warm air comes into contact with the cold surface of the glass, the water vapor in the air loses heat energy and condenses into water droplets on the outside of the glass. This is why you observe water droplets forming on the glass. Similarly, when warm, moist air rises and comes into contact with cooler air in the atmosphere, or when it encounters cool surfaces such as windows, mirrors, or grass in the early morning, condensation occurs, and water droplets are formed. In summary, condensation is the process where water vapor changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state by cooling down, resulting in the formation of water droplets.

"An open forest with evergreen, thick leathery leaves and woody stems with deep roots" is known as

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Mediterranean vegetation consists largely of broad-leaved evergreen shrubs having woody stems with thick roots.

The difference in time between two longitudes is approximately

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The difference in time between two longitudes is approximately 4 minutes.
To understand this, let's first understand what longitudes are. Longitudes are imaginary lines that run vertically around the Earth, from the North Pole to the South Pole. They help to identify specific locations on the Earth's surface.
Now, the Earth takes 24 hours to complete one full rotation around its axis. This rotation results in the sun appearing to rise and set in different parts of the world at different times. This is what gives us our concept of time zones.
By convention, the Earth is divided into 24 time zones, each covering approximately 15 degrees of longitude. Each time zone represents an hour of difference in time.
So, if we do the math, we can calculate that with 360 degrees (the full circumference of the Earth) divided by 24 time zones, each time zone covers 15 degrees of longitude. This means that for every 15 degrees of longitude you travel east or west, there is a time difference of about one hour.
Since each time zone represents one hour and there are 60 minutes in an hour, we can calculate that the time difference for every 1 degree of longitude is approximately 4 minutes (60 minutes divided by 15 degrees).
Therefore, the correct answer is 4 minutes

Buying and selling of goods and services within a country is termed as

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The buying and selling of goods and services within a country is known as internal trade.

Internal trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between individuals, businesses, and organizations within the borders of a country. It involves the transfer of goods and services from producers to consumers or from one business to another within the same country.

For example, when you go to a local store to buy groceries or when a company sells its products to customers within the country, it is considered internal trade.

Internal trade is an essential part of a country's economy as it enables the circulation of goods and services within the country, stimulates economic growth, creates job opportunities, and fulfills the needs and wants of the people.

International trade, on the other hand, refers to the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Barter is a system of trade where goods or services are exchanged directly without the use of money. Foreign trade specifically refers to the trade between different countries or the import and export activities of a country.

Therefore, in this context, the correct term for the buying and selling of goods and services within a country is internal trade.

Soil erosion by action of rain can be caused y all the following except

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Aridity is a long term lack of rainfall or moisture. Soil erosion cannot take place in an srid area.

The coastal regions of Sierra Leone record an annual rainfall of over

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The annual rainfall in sierra leone coastal regions is over 4,800m, which makes it the wettest country in West Africa

The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called

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The instrument used to measure relative humidity is called a hygrometer.
A hygrometer is a device that helps us determine the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air. It measures the relative humidity, which is the percentage of moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature.
There are different types of hygrometers, but one common type is the "dry and wet bulb" hygrometer. It consists of two thermometers: one thermometer with a dry bulb and another with a wet bulb.
To measure relative humidity, the wet bulb thermometer is wrapped with a moistened cloth. As the moisture on the cloth evaporates, it causes the wet bulb temperature to decrease. The dry bulb thermometer remains unaffected.
By comparing the temperatures of the dry and wet bulbs, we can calculate the relative humidity using a formula. The difference between the two temperatures helps us understand how much moisture is in the air.
So, in summary, a hygrometer is used to measure relative humidity by comparing the temperatures of a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometer. It helps us understand how much water vapor is present in the air.

The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is

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The most common form of migration experienced in countries of Tropical Africa is **rural-urban migration**. This refers to the movement of people from rural areas, such as villages and small towns, to urban areas, such as cities and towns. There are various reasons why rural-urban migration is prevalent in Tropical Africa. One of the main factors is the search for better economic opportunities. Urban areas tend to offer more job opportunities, higher wages, and better living conditions compared to rural areas. Many people from rural communities migrate to cities in hopes of finding better employment and improving their standard of living. Another important factor contributing to rural-urban migration is the availability of social amenities and services in urban areas. Cities often have better access to education, healthcare, infrastructure, and recreational facilities. People may migrate to urban centers to access these services and provide better opportunities for their families. Moreover, urban areas serve as economic and cultural hubs, attracting people from rural areas seeking to benefit from the diversity and dynamism of city life. Cities offer a wide range of social and cultural activities, entertainment options, and opportunities for networking and socializing. However, it is important to note that rural-urban migration also presents some challenges. The rapid influx of people into cities can lead to overcrowding, strain on infrastructure, and increased competition for resources and jobs. Additionally, migration can have an impact on rural communities as they may experience a loss of human capital and skills. In summary, rural-urban migration is the most common form of migration in countries of Tropical Africa due to the search for better economic opportunities, access to social amenities, and the attraction of urban culture and lifestyle. While it brings benefits to individuals and urban areas, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable development.

The sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa can be traced to all of the following except

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The sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa can be traced to all of the following except the concentration of industries.

1. Inter-ethnic war: Conflict between different ethnic groups can cause displacement and hinder population growth in the affected areas. It leads to a disruption in the social fabric and discourages people from settling in these regions.

2. Tsetse fly infestation: The presence of tsetse flies, which are carriers of the sleeping sickness disease, can greatly affect human habitation. These flies are notorious for their bites which can transmit the disease to humans and livestock. The presence of tsetse flies in the middle belt of West Africa makes it difficult for people to inhabit the area due to health risks.

3. Arab slave trade in the North: The Arab slave trade, which took place predominantly in North Africa, resulted in the forced migration and enslavement of many African populations. This historic slave trade did not have a direct impact on the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa.

4. Concentration of industries: The concentration of industries usually leads to urbanization and increased population in certain areas. This option does not contribute to the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa.

Therefore, the correct answer is that the sparse population in the middle belt of West Africa cannot be traced to the concentration of industries.

The part of the earth crust covered by water bodies is known as the

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The part of the earth's crust covered by water bodies is known as the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere includes all the water on Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and even groundwater and atmospheric water vapor.
The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth. It provides habitats for a wide range of organisms and helps regulate the planet's climate. The hydrosphere is also a vital source of freshwater, which is essential for drinking, agriculture, and various other human activities.
The term "sial" refers to the upper part of the earth's crust, which is made up of lighter rocks like granite and makes up the continents. Therefore, it is not the correct answer for this question.
The stratosphere, on the other hand, is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere located above the troposphere. It extends from about 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) to 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the Earth's surface. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which helps protect the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. However, it is not related to the crust or water bodies, so it is not the correct answer either.
In summary, the correct answer is the hydrosphere, which refers to the part of the Earth's crust covered by water bodies.

Urban type of settlement is best described as

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An urban settlement is where displaced population settle within agglomeration such as a town or city. People are mainly involved in secondary and tertiary activities like manufacturing and construction. Additionally, dispersed settlement is one of the main types of settlement pattern used to classify rural settlement.

The land-use activities which can be considered responsible for soil erosion in the tropics are

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Industrial activities such as production, construction etc, monoculture and lumbering are responsible for erosion in the tropics

Plateaux formed together with fold mountains are best described as

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Plateaux formed together with fold mountains are best described as "intermountain plateaus." Intermountain plateaus are large, elevated flat lands that are found between different mountain ranges. These plateaus are typically formed when tectonic forces cause the Earth's crust to buckle and fold, creating fold mountains. As these mountains rise, the surrounding areas are also uplifted, resulting in the formation of plateaus. Unlike regular plateaus, intermountain plateaus are not as deeply dissected by erosion. This means that they generally have a more even and flat topography compared to other types of plateaus. However, they still exhibit some degree of ruggedness due to the uplift and folding processes that occurred during their formation. Overall, intermountain plateaus are important features of the Earth's landscape. They provide a transitional zone between mountainous regions and the lower-lying areas beyond, and they often serve as essential water catchment areas, playing a crucial role in supplying water to rivers and streams. Their relatively flat terrain also makes them suitable for human activities such as agriculture and transportation.

The dam which is not used in Gezira is the

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Jebal Azula is a dam which is not used in Gezira scheme

Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at

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Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan. Abidjan is the largest and busiest port in West Africa, located in Cote d'Ivoire. It is strategically positioned along the Gulf of Guinea, making it an ideal gateway for trade in the region. Mali is a landlocked country, which means it does not have direct access to the sea. Therefore, to transport their goods internationally, Mali relies heavily on neighboring countries' ports. Among the given options, Abidjan is the closest and most accessible port for Mali. Abidjan offers excellent shipping facilities, infrastructure, and connections to major shipping lines. It has a well-developed road network that connects it to Mali and other landlocked Sahelian countries, making it a convenient and efficient route for transporting goods. In summary, due to its proximity, connectivity, and efficiency, the sea port at Abidjan is the most likely entry point for Mali's exports.

Nigeria major export commodity is

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Nigeria's biggest export is crude oil, a commodity that represents over three-quaters(78.7%) of its total exported goods by value.

Which of the following rocks is produced by the solidification of magna within the earth crust

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The rock that is produced by the solidification of magma within the Earth's crust is called **plutonic rock**. Plutonic rocks are also known as intrusive rocks. Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When this magma cools down slowly, it solidifies and crystalizes within the Earth's crust, forming plutonic rocks. This slow cooling process allows for the formation of large mineral crystals within the rock. One key characteristic of plutonic rocks is that they have a coarse grain texture. This means that the mineral crystals within the rock are visible to the naked eye. Examples of plutonic rocks include granite, diorite, and gabbro. In contrast, **extrusive rocks** are formed from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface. When lava erupts from a volcano and cools rapidly, it forms extrusive rocks. These rocks, such as basalt and pumice, have a fine-grained texture because the fast cooling does not allow for the growth of large mineral crystals. On the other hand, **sedimentary rocks** are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments (such as sand, silt, and clay) that have been deposited by water, wind, or ice. Sedimentary rocks, like sandstone and limestone, often contain fossils and layers. Lastly, **metamorphic rocks** are formed by the transformation of existing rocks due to high temperature and pressure deep within the Earth's crust. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble and quartzite. To summarize, plutonic rocks are produced by the slow solidification of magma within the Earth's crust, resulting in coarse-grained rocks with visible mineral crystals.

The highest concentration of industries in Nigeria is found in the

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The highest concentration of industries in Nigeria can be found in the Western zone. This region is also known as the Lagos-Ibadan Industrial Axis.
There are several reasons why the Western zone has the highest concentration of industries:
1. Proximity to Ports: The Western zone is close to major seaports, such as the Apapa Port in Lagos. This proximity allows for easier import and export of goods, reducing transportation costs for industries.
2. Infrastructure: The Western zone benefits from well-developed infrastructure, including good road networks, railways, and access to reliable power supply. These factors make it more conducive for industries to set up and operate efficiently.
3. Market Access: The Western zone has a large population, including the bustling city of Lagos, which provides a ready market for industries. The region serves as a major commercial hub, attracting businesses from various sectors.
4. Availability of Skilled Labor: The Western zone is home to several educational institutions, including universities and technical colleges. This abundance of institutions ensures a steady supply of skilled labor for industries in the region.
5. Government Support: The government has implemented policies and incentives to encourage industrial growth in the Western zone. These include tax incentives, subsidies, and initiatives such as the Lagos Free Trade Zone, which attracts both local and foreign investors.
In summary, the Western zone of Nigeria, specifically the Lagos-Ibadan industrial axis, has the highest concentration of industries due to its proximity to ports, well-developed infrastructure, access to market, availability of skilled labor, and government support. This region continues to attract businesses, driving economic growth and development in Nigeria.

Which of the following stations is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate?

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**Bombay (Mumbai)** is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate. Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year, with distinctive wet and dry seasons. In this climate, the wet season is associated with the monsoon winds, which bring abundant rainfall. The dry season, on the other hand, is characterized by little to no rainfall. Mumbai experiences this type of climate due to its location on the western coast of India. The Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats mountain range to the east influence the city's climate. The monsoon winds blow from the southwest during the wet season (June to September), bringing intense rainfall to the region. Mumbai receives a significant amount of rainfall during this period, accounting for a large portion of its annual precipitation. During the dry season (October to May), Mumbai experiences less rainfall, but the temperatures remain relatively high. The average temperature ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius (77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit) throughout the year. In summary, Mumbai (Bombay) is situated in a region of tropical monsoon climate due to its location on the western coast of India, which experiences high temperatures and heavy rainfall during the wet season, and relatively lower rainfall during the dry season.

The type of energy that is most environmentally friendly is

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The most environmentally friendly type of energy is solar energy. Solar energy refers to the energy that is derived from the sun's rays. Here's why solar energy is considered to be the most environmentally friendly option:
1. Renewable: Solar energy is a renewable source of energy. The sun is constantly shining, making solar energy an abundant and inexhaustible resource. As long as the sun exists, we will continue to have solar energy available to us.
2. Zero Emissions: Solar energy produces zero emissions during its operation. Unlike other energy sources like fossil fuels (such as coal or natural gas) that release harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases when burned, solar energy is clean and does not contribute to air pollution or climate change.
3. No Noise Pollution: Solar energy systems operate silently, unlike some other energy sources like thermal or nuclear power plants that can generate noise pollution. This makes solar energy a favorable option, particularly for residential areas.
4. Low Maintenance: Solar panels require minimal maintenance once installed. Regular cleaning to keep them free from dust and debris is usually sufficient. This reduces the need for ongoing maintenance and associated environmental impacts.
5. Modularity and Scalability: Solar energy systems can be easily scaled up or down depending on the energy requirements. They can range from small individual rooftop installations to vast solar farms. This flexibility makes solar energy a versatile option for different settings and energy demands.
6. Local Generation: Solar energy can be generated locally, reducing the need for extensive transmission networks and energy loss during distribution. Local generation can enhance energy independence, reduce reliance on centralized power systems, and result in more resilient and sustainable energy supply.
In conclusion, solar energy is the most environmentally friendly option due to its renewable nature, zero emissions, lack of noise pollution, low maintenance requirements, modularity and scalability, as well as its ability to generate energy locally. It is a sustainable and clean source of energy that has the potential to reduce our carbon footprint and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Which of the following is a feature of heavy industries?

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A feature of heavy industries is that they are capital-intensive. This means that they require a significant amount of investment in machinery, equipment, and infrastructure to operate efficiently. Unlike light industries, which typically involve smaller-scale operations, heavy industries involve large factories or plants that are designed to produce goods on a larger scale. The term "heavy" in heavy industries refers to the nature of the products being manufactured, such as machinery, steel, chemicals, and automobiles. These products often require heavy machinery and specialized equipment to produce. Due to their large-scale operations and the need for substantial capital investment, heavy industries usually have a longer payback period for their investments. Some examples of heavy industries include manufacturing plants for automobiles, oil refineries, steel mills, and chemical production facilities. These industries usually have a higher production capacity and require a significant amount of resources and manpower to operate. In summary, heavy industries are characterized by their capital-intensive nature, large-scale operations, and production of goods that require heavy machinery. These industries play a crucial role in the economy by producing essential products and contributing to employment opportunities.

A settlement where two rivers meet is called a

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A settlement where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. This term is used to describe a place where two rivers merge or come together. It is also known as a river confluence or simply a confluence. In a confluence town, the two rivers join and flow as one. This merging of rivers creates a unique geographical feature and often leads to the formation of a settlement. The rivers may flow side by side before merging, or one river may flow into the other. The confluence point can be visible as a distinct meeting point or an area where the waters mix. Confluence towns have been historically significant because they often provided essential resources and transportation routes. The availability of water from two rivers made these settlements ideal for various activities such as fishing, trade, and agriculture. The confluence also facilitated transportation and trade routes as it served as a natural meeting point for people traveling along the rivers. These settlements tend to develop into vibrant communities, attracting people for their economic advantages and accessibility. Over time, confluence towns may grow and expand, becoming important centers of commerce, culture, and administration. In summary, a settlement where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. It is a place where two rivers merge or come together, offering valuable resources and opportunities for economic and social development.

Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at

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Exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan. Abidjan is the **largest port in West Africa** and is strategically located on the Gulf of Guinea. It has extensive infrastructure, including deep-water berths and modern cargo handling equipment, making it capable of handling large volumes of goods. Mali is a landlocked country, meaning it does not have direct access to the sea. Therefore, to export its goods, Mali needs to rely on neighboring countries with access to the sea. Abidjan, located in Ivory Coast, is the **most convenient sea port for Mali**. It is relatively close in proximity to Mali and has well-developed road and rail connections, making it an ideal choice for transporting goods from Mali to the port. Furthermore, Abidjan offers a wide range of services to facilitate trade, including customs clearance, storage facilities, and efficient cargo handling. It is also a hub for international shipping, with connections to various ports worldwide, enabling Mali to access global markets for its exports. In summary, due to its geographical proximity, well-developed infrastructure, and convenient transportation links, exports from Mali are most likely to pass through the sea port at Abidjan.

When weathering occurs on hill slopes, rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form

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When weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris usually pile up at the bottom of the hill slope to form **scrree**. Scree is a deposition of loose rock fragments that have accumulated at the base of a steep slope or cliff. It is formed as a result of the continuous process of weathering, erosion, and gravity. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks by natural processes, such as wind, water, and temperature changes. This causes rocks to become smaller and more fragmented over time. Erosion is the process of transporting the fragmented rock material down the slope. Gravity plays a significant role in moving the loose rock fragments towards the bottom of the hill slope. As the weathered rock fragments accumulate at the base of the slope, they form a pile of loose debris called scree. Scree can range in size from small pebbles to larger rocks. It is usually found on steep slopes or cliffs where the force of gravity pulls the loose rock down and accumulates it at the bottom. In conclusion, when weathering occurs on hill slopes, the rock debris piles up at the bottom to form scree.

Jos plateau is an example of a

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Jos plateau is a Volcanic plateau . It possess volcanic features such as a dome, single vents and clusters of 3-4 cones aligned.

The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called

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The broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is called selvas. Selvas is a term used to describe the lush, vibrant rainforest found in the Amazon.
These forests are characterized by their tall trees with large, broad leaves that can capture as much sunlight as possible. The leaves of these trees stay green all year round, giving the forest a constant appearance of being "evergreen."
The Amazon rainforest is also known for its incredible biodiversity, with a wide variety of plant and animal species living in this habitat. This is due to the constant warm and humid climate, as well as the diverse range of ecosystems within the region.
The dense and thick vegetation in the selvas plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of our planet. It serves as a carbon sink, absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis. Additionally, the Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" because of its significant contribution to global oxygen production.
In conclusion, the broad-leafed evergreen and dense equatorial forest of the Amazon basin is known as selvas. It is a unique and important ecosystem with immense biodiversity and crucial ecological functions.

Which of the following is associated with savanna vegetation?

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avannas represents the vast majority of the areas which are characterised by a layerof perenial herbaceous plants, such as sedges with varrying degree of scrubs

Soil erosion by action of rain can be caused by all of the following except

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Soil erosion by rain can occur when the force of raindrops and the resulting surface runoff remove the top layer of soil. This process can be harmful and lead to the loss of fertile soil needed for growing crops and plant growth. There are several factors that can contribute to soil erosion by rain, but one of the options mentioned does not cause it. Let's analyze each option:

Tropical rainstorms: Tropical rainstorms are often associated with heavy rainfall and intense precipitation. The large amount of rainwater can create powerful runoff that can wash away soil particles and contribute to erosion. Therefore, tropical rainstorms can indeed cause soil erosion by rain.

Scanty vegetation: Vegetation, such as plants and trees, plays a crucial role in preventing soil erosion. The roots of plants help hold the soil together, reducing the impact of raindrops and preventing excessive runoff. When vegetation is sparse or absent, there are no roots to anchor the soil, making it more vulnerable to erosion. So, scanty vegetation can contribute to soil erosion by rain.

Steep slopes: Steep slopes can accelerate the process of soil erosion by rain. When rainwater flows down a steep slope, it gains momentum and power, increasing the force with which it hits the soil. This force can dislodge soil particles and carry them away, leading to erosion. Therefore, steep slopes can cause soil erosion by rain.

Aridity: Aridity refers to dryness or a lack of moisture. In arid regions, rainfall is limited, and the soil may be dry and less prone to erosion caused by rain. The lack of significant rainfall reduces the chances of soil particles being dislodged by raindrops or carried away by runoff, making aridity a factor that does not cause soil erosion by rain.

In conclusion, all the options except aridity can contribute to soil erosion by rain. Tropical rainstorms, scanty vegetation, and steep slopes can all increase the likelihood of soil erosion. However, in arid regions where there is a lack of moisture, the risk of soil erosion caused by rain is reduced.

The instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is the

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The instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is called the **campbell-stokes recorder**. This instrument is specifically designed to measure the amount of sunlight received at a particular location over a given period of time. The campbell-stokes recorder consists of a glass sphere that is mounted in a metal frame. This sphere acts as a lens, focusing the sunlight onto a specially designed card or paper underneath. The card or paper is positioned in such a way that it is slightly above the focal point of the lens. When sunlight passes through the lens and focuses on the card, it causes the card to heat up. As a result, a burn mark or a scorch is left on the card. By measuring the length of the burn mark, we can determine the duration of sunshine. The campbell-stokes recorder is widely used in meteorology and climatology to monitor and document the amount of sunshine received in a given area. It is a simple and effective instrument that provides valuable data for studying weather patterns, climate change, and solar energy potential. In conclusion, the instrument used to measure the duration of sunshine is the campbell-stokes recorder, which uses a glass sphere to focus sunlight onto a card or paper and measures the length of the resulting burn mark.

Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of west African countries from

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Great Britain and Germany are trading partners of West African countries from Western Europe. Western Europe refers to the region that is located in the western part of the European continent. It includes countries such as the United Kingdom (which includes Great Britain) and Germany. Trading partners are countries that engage in the exchange of goods and services with each other. In this case, West African countries have established trading relationships with Great Britain and Germany. This means that West African countries import goods and services from Great Britain and Germany, and they also export their own goods and services to these countries. The trading partnership between West African countries and Great Britain and Germany is mutually beneficial. West African countries can access a wider range of products from Great Britain and Germany, providing opportunities for economic growth and development. On the other hand, Great Britain and Germany can access valuable resources and markets in West Africa. Overall, the trading relationship between Great Britain, Germany, and West African countries helps to facilitate economic cooperation, promote regional development, and enhance international trade between these regions.

The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question.

What is the annual range of temperature for station Z

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The annual range of temperature is calculated by subtracting the lowest temperature of the year from the highest temperature of the year. From the table, the highest temperature is 32oC (in April) and the lowest is 22oC (in January). Therefore, the annual range of temperature is 32 - 22 = 10oC.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which denudation occurs?

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Denudation is the process of wearing away the Earth's surface by various agents such as water, wind, and ice. It involves the removal and transportation of rocks, sediments, and soil. The correct sequence in which denudation occurs is:
Weathering → Erosion → Deposition
1. Weathering: This is the first step in denudation. Weathering refers to the breakdown and decomposition of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface. It can occur through physical, chemical, or biological processes. Physical weathering involves the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments due to factors like temperature changes, frost action, or plant roots. Chemical weathering involves the alteration of rock composition through processes like dissolution, oxidation, or hydrolysis. Biological weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks by living organisms such as plants and animals.
2. Erosion: Once weathering has broken down the rocks, erosion takes place. Erosion is the process of removing and transporting the weathered materials from their original location to a new location. This is often done by agents such as water, wind, glaciers, or gravity. For example, water erosion occurs when rainfall or flowing water carries away sediments, creating channels, gullies, and valleys. Wind erosion happens when strong winds pick up and transport loose particles, leading to the formation of sand dunes and desert landscapes.
3. Deposition: After weathered materials have been eroded and transported, they are eventually deposited. Deposition occurs when the eroded particles and sediments settle down and come to rest in a new location. This can happen when the transporting agent loses energy, such as when a river slows down or when wind speed decreases. Deposited materials can form various landforms such as deltas, alluvial plains, or beaches.
In summary, denudation starts with weathering, where rocks are broken down. Then erosion takes place, transporting the weathered materials. Finally, the eroded materials are deposited in a new location.

Which of the following sources of power supply is renewable?

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Solar energy is the energy gotten from the sun. The sun is the largest (star and its also the ultimate source of light and energy to all the planets. Coal, gas and Nuclear energy are hot renewable(i.e they cannot be reused when exhausted)

Which of the following rocks is organically formed?

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Shale rocks are made of clay-sized particles and have a laminated appearance. They are a type of organica sedimentary rock.

Which of the following is not a process of chemical weathering?

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Chemical weathering is a process in which the chemical composition of rocks and minerals is altered due to exposure to certain substances or environmental conditions. It plays a significant role in the breakdown and decomposition of rocks over time. Out of the options given, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering. Frost action, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, refers to the physical breakdown of rocks caused by repeated freezing and thawing of water within the rock fractures. It is a type of physical weathering, not chemical. Now let's briefly explain the other three options and how they relate to chemical weathering: 1. **Hydrolysis** is a chemical process in which water reacts with minerals in the rock, leading to their breakdown. Minerals such as feldspar and mica are commonly affected by hydrolysis. Water molecules interact with these minerals, causing them to break down into new minerals or dissolved ions. This process weakens the rock's structure and contributes to its gradual degradation. 2. **Oxidation** is another chemical process that occurs when certain minerals in rocks react with oxygen in the presence of water or air. This reaction causes the minerals to undergo a chemical change, resulting in the formation of new compounds. For example, when iron minerals in rocks come into contact with oxygen, they can oxidize and form iron oxide, more commonly known as rust. This process weakens the rock and makes it more susceptible to further weathering. 3. **Carbonation** is the chemical weathering process associated with the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water, forming carbonic acid. This acid reacts with minerals such as calcium carbonate (present in rocks like limestone and marble), leading to their dissolution. Carbonation is a common process in regions with a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or in areas where water with dissolved carbon dioxide comes into contact with rocks. In conclusion, **frost action** is not a process of chemical weathering but rather a form of physical weathering. Hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation, on the other hand, are all examples of chemical weathering processes that contribute to the degradation and alteration of rocks over time.

Kossou Dam is located on river

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Lake Kossou is Cote d'ivores largest lake. It lies on the Bandama river in the center of the country. It is an artificial lake, created in 1973 by damming the Badama river at kossou

Rocks are said to be crystalline when the atoms forming them are

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Crystalline rocks are rocks that;
-do not contain fossils
-do not occur in layers i.e they are non-stratified

The table above shows the temperature and rainfall distribution of station Z. Study and use it to answer the question. Which month of the year has the highest temperature

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To determine which month of the year has the highest temperature in station Z, we should analyze the data given in the table.
Looking at the table, we can see that the **temperature values** are given in the column labeled "Temperature (°C)". We need to find the month with the highest temperature value.
By examining the temperature values for each month, we can observe the following:
- In **April**, the temperature is 27°C - In **May**, the temperature is 30°C - In **June**, the temperature is 32°C - In **August**, the temperature is 29°C
From this information, we can clearly see that the month with the **highest temperature** in station Z is **June**, with a temperature of **32°C**.
Therefore, the answer to the question is that **June** is the month of the year with the highest temperature in station Z, as evidenced by the table.

Quartz, fieldspar and mica are three principal mineral that can easily be seen in

Answer Details

Quartz, feldspar, and mica are three principal minerals that can easily be seen in granite. Granite is a type of igneous rock, which means it is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. It is composed mainly of three minerals: quartz, feldspar, and mica. - **Quartz:** Quartz is a hard and durable mineral that is commonly found in granite. It appears as small or large grains and has a glassy or translucent appearance. It comes in different colors, including clear, white, pink, and gray. - **Feldspar:** Feldspar is the most abundant mineral in granite. It is a group of minerals that have a specific crystal structure. Feldspar can be recognized by its white, pink, or gray color. It often appears as large, elongated grains in granite. - **Mica:** Mica is another mineral commonly found in granite. It has a distinct layered structure and can be easily split into thin, flexible sheets. Mica is often shiny and comes in various colors such as brown, black, or green. When you look at granite, you may see specks or grains of quartz, larger grains of feldspar, and thin layers or flakes of mica. These minerals give granite its characteristic appearance and make it a popular choice for countertops, flooring, and construction materials. It's worth noting that while quartz, feldspar, and mica are the three principal minerals in granite, other minerals may also be present in smaller amounts. However, it is the abundance of these three minerals that gives granite its distinctive texture and appearance.

One of the features of wind deposition is

Answer Details

Inselberg is formed from the existence of extensive old plateau. It is caused as a result of weathering and remval of weathered materials