(a) Explain the political concept of legitimacy (b) What are the factors that sustain legitimacy in a state?

(a) The political concept of legitimacy

Legitimacy is the quality of being lawful, rightful and generally accepted. In politics it refers to the popular acceptance and recognition by the people of the right of a government or ruler to hold and exercise political power. A government is legitimate when it comes to power in accordance with the accepted rules and constitution of the state and is willingly obeyed by the citizens. Legitimacy is therefore closely linked to consent, acceptance and the moral right to rule.

(b) Factors that sustain legitimacy in a state

1. Constitutionality: A government that acquired and exercises power in accordance with the constitution and due process retains the acceptance of the people.
2. Free and fair elections: Where leaders emerge through genuine, periodic and credible elections, the people accept their authority as rightful.
3. Good governance and performance: A government that provides security, welfare and social amenities and improves the well-being of the people wins and keeps their loyalty.
4. Rule of law and respect for rights: Respect for the law, human rights and justice strengthens the people's confidence in and acceptance of the government.
5. Popular participation: Allowing citizens to take part in government through voting, free association and expression sustains their sense of ownership and acceptance.
6. Accountability and transparency: An honest, open and accountable government free from corruption maintains public trust.
7. Political stability and continuity: A stable, orderly succession of governments according to accepted rules preserves legitimacy.
8. Effective political socialisation: Through education, the media and civic training, citizens are taught to accept and support the political system.