(a) List four ways by which diseases are spread on a crop farm. (b) State three symptoms and three control measures of each of the following diseases: (i) o...
Question 1 Report
(a) List four ways by which diseases are spread on a crop farm. (b) State three symptoms and three control measures of each of the following diseases: (i) onion twister (ii) root-knot of tomato
Answer Details
(a) Four ways by which diseases are spread on a crop farm:
- Through infected planting materials (seeds, cuttings, suckers).
- By wind, which carries fungal spores and bacteria.
- By water (rain splash and irrigation water) that washes pathogens from plant to plant.
- By insect vectors and other animals that carry pathogens.
- Through contaminated farm tools, implements and the hands/clothing of workers.
(b)(i) Onion twister:
Three symptoms:
- Twisting and curling of the leaves.
- Yellowing and dieback of the leaves.
- Stunted growth and rotting/reduction of the bulbs.
Three control measures:
- Plant clean, disease-free seeds/setts and resistant varieties.
- Practise crop rotation and field sanitation (remove and burn infected plants).
- Apply appropriate fungicides.
(b)(ii) Root-knot of tomato (root-knot nematode):
Three symptoms:
- Swellings, galls or knots on the roots.
- Stunted growth of the plant.
- Yellowing of leaves and wilting during hot periods.
Three control measures:
- Practise crop rotation with non-host crops.
- Use resistant varieties and clean, nematode-free seedlings.
- Apply nematicides and/or solarise or flood the soil before planting.
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